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Waste to wealth: development of cladding flux from steel slag for submerged arc welding.

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Title: Waste to wealth: development of cladding flux from steel slag for submerged arc welding.
Authors: Goyal, Navneet1 (AUTHOR) navneet6234@gmail.com, Singh, Kulwant1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology. Feb2026, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p506-518. 13p.
Subjects: Submerged arc welding, Metal cladding, Cost effectiveness, Chemical structure, Mechanical behavior of materials, Slag, Waste recycling
Abstract: A novel methodology has been developed which permits to transform waste slag into welding flux meant for stainless steel cladding. The developed flux has been applied for stainless steel cladding using submerged arc welding process. The claddings prepared using developed flux has been evaluated in terms of bead geometry, mechanical properties and chemical composition. The depth of penetration, weld bead width and height of reinforcement achieved with developed flux are 7.64 mm, 14.01 mm, and 4.07 mm, respectively, which are superior than obtained with fresh flux (8.05 mm, 12.85 mm, and 3.44 mm), as far as cladding is concerned. It observed that the developed flux is capable to produce chemical composition of claddings as per ASME SFA 5.4 standard. The percentage of chromium, nickel and manganese in claddings is 18.1%, 8.56% and 1.04% respectively which satisfy the ASME requirements. The side bend test proves a good bonding strength between substrate and claddings. The hardness of claddings produced with developed flux is also comparable with that of fresh flux. The average hardness of cladding produced with developed flux is 459 Hv, compared with that of fresh flux (435 Hv). The cost of developed flux is 54.86% economical than that of fresh flux. This research advocates that steel slag could be utilized as a raw material for manufacturing welding flux for stainless steel cladding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Waste to wealth: development of cladding flux from steel slag for submerged arc welding.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goyal%2C+Navneet%22">Goyal, Navneet</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> navneet6234@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Kulwant%22">Singh, Kulwant</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Label: Source
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Adhesion+Science+%26+Technology%22">Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p506-518. 13p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Submerged+arc+welding%22">Submerged arc welding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+cladding%22">Metal cladding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cost+effectiveness%22">Cost effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+structure%22">Chemical structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Slag%22">Slag</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waste+recycling%22">Waste recycling</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: A novel methodology has been developed which permits to transform waste slag into welding flux meant for stainless steel cladding. The developed flux has been applied for stainless steel cladding using submerged arc welding process. The claddings prepared using developed flux has been evaluated in terms of bead geometry, mechanical properties and chemical composition. The depth of penetration, weld bead width and height of reinforcement achieved with developed flux are 7.64 mm, 14.01 mm, and 4.07 mm, respectively, which are superior than obtained with fresh flux (8.05 mm, 12.85 mm, and 3.44 mm), as far as cladding is concerned. It observed that the developed flux is capable to produce chemical composition of claddings as per ASME SFA 5.4 standard. The percentage of chromium, nickel and manganese in claddings is 18.1%, 8.56% and 1.04% respectively which satisfy the ASME requirements. The side bend test proves a good bonding strength between substrate and claddings. The hardness of claddings produced with developed flux is also comparable with that of fresh flux. The average hardness of cladding produced with developed flux is 459 Hv, compared with that of fresh flux (435 Hv). The cost of developed flux is 54.86% economical than that of fresh flux. This research advocates that steel slag could be utilized as a raw material for manufacturing welding flux for stainless steel cladding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/01694243.2024.2355262
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 506
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Submerged arc welding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metal cladding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cost effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Slag
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Waste recycling
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Waste to wealth: development of cladding flux from steel slag for submerged arc welding.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Goyal, Navneet
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Singh, Kulwant
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 01694243
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              Value: 40
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology
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