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Influence of dual axial magnetic field and welding parameters on weld characteristics in GTAW process.

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Title: Influence of dual axial magnetic field and welding parameters on weld characteristics in GTAW process.
Authors: Shakya, Paramjeet1 (AUTHOR) shakya.tech437@gmail.com, Singh, Kulwant1 (AUTHOR), Arya, Harish Kumar1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology. Feb2026, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p567-585. 19p.
Subjects: Metal cladding, Gas tungsten arc welding, Microhardness, Bond strengths, Metallurgical analysis, Magnetic fields, Microstructure
Abstract: A methodology has been proposed that is capable of altering arc shape as per the requirement using an external magnetic field. Eight magnetic configurations were explored, out of which the N-S-S-N configuration yielded a wider bead width and lower penetration without any change in process parameters, which is more suitable for cladding and hard-facing applications. The central composite design technique has optimized the process parameters to achieve the maximum cladding width. Further, the effect of the selected configuration on the characteristics of claddings in terms of bonding strength, microhardness, and metallurgical properties have been investigated at optimal parameters. This investigation selected the SA 516 grade 70 as a substrate and SS 308 L as a cladding material. It was observed that bead width increases with increased excitation current and decreased travel speed. The maximum bead width (10.89 mm) was achieved at a 1.8 A excitation current and 1 mm/sec travel speed. The experiment has been conducted on the optimized value of process parameters to validate the developed model. A comparative study between magnetically controlled (MC-GTAW) and conventional GTAW processes. The result revealed that the MC-GTAW process has wider bead width (9.95 mm) and higher average hardness (391.45 HV), which is 67% and 15% more than that of the conventional GTAW process, respectively. The microstructure analysis has revealed that the MC-GTAW process yielded more granular bainite and refined grains. The claddings were subjected to a side bend test, which showed a good bonding strength between the substrate and the deposited metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Influence of dual axial magnetic field and welding parameters on weld characteristics in GTAW process.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shakya%2C+Paramjeet%22">Shakya, Paramjeet</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shakya.tech437@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Kulwant%22">Singh, Kulwant</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arya%2C+Harish+Kumar%22">Arya, Harish Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Adhesion+Science+%26+Technology%22">Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p567-585. 19p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+cladding%22">Metal cladding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gas+tungsten+arc+welding%22">Gas tungsten arc welding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microhardness%22">Microhardness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bond+strengths%22">Bond strengths</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metallurgical+analysis%22">Metallurgical analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+fields%22">Magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: A methodology has been proposed that is capable of altering arc shape as per the requirement using an external magnetic field. Eight magnetic configurations were explored, out of which the N-S-S-N configuration yielded a wider bead width and lower penetration without any change in process parameters, which is more suitable for cladding and hard-facing applications. The central composite design technique has optimized the process parameters to achieve the maximum cladding width. Further, the effect of the selected configuration on the characteristics of claddings in terms of bonding strength, microhardness, and metallurgical properties have been investigated at optimal parameters. This investigation selected the SA 516 grade 70 as a substrate and SS 308 L as a cladding material. It was observed that bead width increases with increased excitation current and decreased travel speed. The maximum bead width (10.89 mm) was achieved at a 1.8 A excitation current and 1 mm/sec travel speed. The experiment has been conducted on the optimized value of process parameters to validate the developed model. A comparative study between magnetically controlled (MC-GTAW) and conventional GTAW processes. The result revealed that the MC-GTAW process has wider bead width (9.95 mm) and higher average hardness (391.45 HV), which is 67% and 15% more than that of the conventional GTAW process, respectively. The microstructure analysis has revealed that the MC-GTAW process yielded more granular bainite and refined grains. The claddings were subjected to a side bend test, which showed a good bonding strength between the substrate and the deposited metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/01694243.2024.2385570
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 567
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Metal cladding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gas tungsten arc welding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microhardness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bond strengths
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metallurgical analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Influence of dual axial magnetic field and welding parameters on weld characteristics in GTAW process.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shakya, Paramjeet
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          Name:
            NameFull: Singh, Kulwant
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Arya, Harish Kumar
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 40
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology
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