Influence of processing variables on fabrication of AA7475/B4C/Al2O3 hybrid surface composites via FSP.

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Title: Influence of processing variables on fabrication of AA7475/B4C/Al2O3 hybrid surface composites via FSP.
Authors: Kumar, Sajan1 (AUTHOR) sajank.phd19.me@nitp.ac.in, Sinha, Amar Nath1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology. Feb2026, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p425-450. 26p.
Subjects: Friction stir processing, Tensile strength, Boron carbides, Aluminum alloys, Aluminum oxide, Aerospace technology, Hybrid materials
Abstract: The motive of this research is to fabricate AA7475/B4C/Al2O3 hybrid surface composites (HSCs) using friction stir processing (FSP) for various applications in aerospace, marine, and automotive industries. The research systematically varied key processing variables, including rotational speed (900–1300 rpm), feed rate (30–60 mm/min), and reinforcement ratios (from 30% B4C and 70% Al2O3 to 70% B4C and 30% Al2O3), to optimize responses such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), tensile elongation (TE), and microhardness (MH). A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to develop mathematical models correlating the input parameters with the response variables. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the effects and interactions of the processing parameters on the composite properties. A validation test confirmed the reliability of these optimal conditions. ANOVA results indicated that the tool rotational speeds had the most significant effect on the tensile, ductility, and hardness properties of the HSCs. However, changes in feed rate and reinforcement ratio had minimal impact on these properties. The study identified optimal conditions for different responses: UTS of 452.62 MPa, TE of 6.89%, and MH of 168.52 HV at a rotational speed of 1300 rpm, feed rate of 45 mm/min, and a 50:50% reinforcement ratio (50% B4C and 50% Al2O3). The HSCs fabricated at 1300 rpm, 45 mm/min, and a 50:50% reinforcement ratio exhibited significant necking before failure, leading to a ductile failure mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Influence of processing variables on fabrication of AA7475/B<subscript>4</subscript>C/Al<subscript>2</subscript>O<subscript>3</subscript> hybrid surface composites via FSP.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Sajan%22">Kumar, Sajan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sajank.phd19.me@nitp.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sinha%2C+Amar+Nath%22">Sinha, Amar Nath</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Adhesion+Science+%26+Technology%22">Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p425-450. 26p.
– Name: Subject
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  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Friction+stir+processing%22">Friction stir processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tensile+strength%22">Tensile strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Boron+carbides%22">Boron carbides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aluminum+alloys%22">Aluminum alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aluminum+oxide%22">Aluminum oxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerospace+technology%22">Aerospace technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hybrid+materials%22">Hybrid materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The motive of this research is to fabricate AA7475/B4C/Al2O3 hybrid surface composites (HSCs) using friction stir processing (FSP) for various applications in aerospace, marine, and automotive industries. The research systematically varied key processing variables, including rotational speed (900–1300 rpm), feed rate (30–60 mm/min), and reinforcement ratios (from 30% B4C and 70% Al2O3 to 70% B4C and 30% Al2O3), to optimize responses such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), tensile elongation (TE), and microhardness (MH). A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to develop mathematical models correlating the input parameters with the response variables. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the effects and interactions of the processing parameters on the composite properties. A validation test confirmed the reliability of these optimal conditions. ANOVA results indicated that the tool rotational speeds had the most significant effect on the tensile, ductility, and hardness properties of the HSCs. However, changes in feed rate and reinforcement ratio had minimal impact on these properties. The study identified optimal conditions for different responses: UTS of 452.62 MPa, TE of 6.89%, and MH of 168.52 HV at a rotational speed of 1300 rpm, feed rate of 45 mm/min, and a 50:50% reinforcement ratio (50% B4C and 50% Al2O3). The HSCs fabricated at 1300 rpm, 45 mm/min, and a 50:50% reinforcement ratio exhibited significant necking before failure, leading to a ductile failure mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/01694243.2024.2419885
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 425
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Friction stir processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tensile strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Boron carbides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aluminum alloys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aluminum oxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aerospace technology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hybrid materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Influence of processing variables on fabrication of AA7475/B4C/Al2O3 hybrid surface composites via FSP.
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kumar, Sajan
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          Name:
            NameFull: Sinha, Amar Nath
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 40
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology
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