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A Detailed Review of LFSR and NFSR-Based Stream Cipher Approaches on a Hardware Platform.

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Title: A Detailed Review of LFSR and NFSR-Based Stream Cipher Approaches on a Hardware Platform.
Authors: T. S., Monikashree1 monikashreets.ei@drait.edu.in, S., Kendagannaswamy2 kendagannaswamys@rvce.edu.in
Source: IAENG International Journal of Computer Science. Feb2026, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p632-643. 12p.
Subjects: Stream ciphers, Shift registers, Internet of things, Cryptography, Logic circuits, Computer performance, Field programmable gate arrays
Abstract: The purpose of ubiquitous computing is to smoothly incorporate intelligent gadgets into typical environments. Lightweight cryptographic solutions are becoming more and more necessary since these devices are resource-constrained and cost-sensitive. Stream ciphers (SCs) are similarly important in pervasive computing, especially for secure communication in network streams where plaintext sizes may fluctuate dynamically, even if block ciphers (BCs) have proven to perform well in symmetric-key encryption. A thorough analysis of stream cipher systems based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) and Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers (NFSRs) is presented in this study. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementations are used to do a thorough comparative investigation of important performance measures, such as area, latency, throughput, and efficiency. The article also explores future approaches for stream cipher optimization based on LFSR and NFSR in lightweight and resource-constrained IoT contexts, highlighting current research trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of IAENG International Journal of Computer Science is the property of International Association of Engineers (IAENG) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A Detailed Review of LFSR and NFSR-Based Stream Cipher Approaches on a Hardware Platform.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22IAENG+International+Journal+of+Computer+Science%22">IAENG International Journal of Computer Science</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p632-643. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stream+ciphers%22">Stream ciphers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shift+registers%22">Shift registers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Internet+of+things%22">Internet of things</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cryptography%22">Cryptography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logic+circuits%22">Logic circuits</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+performance%22">Computer performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Field+programmable+gate+arrays%22">Field programmable gate arrays</searchLink>
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  Data: The purpose of ubiquitous computing is to smoothly incorporate intelligent gadgets into typical environments. Lightweight cryptographic solutions are becoming more and more necessary since these devices are resource-constrained and cost-sensitive. Stream ciphers (SCs) are similarly important in pervasive computing, especially for secure communication in network streams where plaintext sizes may fluctuate dynamically, even if block ciphers (BCs) have proven to perform well in symmetric-key encryption. A thorough analysis of stream cipher systems based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) and Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers (NFSRs) is presented in this study. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementations are used to do a thorough comparative investigation of important performance measures, such as area, latency, throughput, and efficiency. The article also explores future approaches for stream cipher optimization based on LFSR and NFSR in lightweight and resource-constrained IoT contexts, highlighting current research trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of IAENG International Journal of Computer Science is the property of International Association of Engineers (IAENG) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shift registers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Internet of things
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      – SubjectFull: Cryptography
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      – SubjectFull: Logic circuits
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      – SubjectFull: Computer performance
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      – SubjectFull: Field programmable gate arrays
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              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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