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Quantitative Comparison Study on the Impulse Characteristics of Typical Radial Grounding Electrodes in Transmission Lines.

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Title: Quantitative Comparison Study on the Impulse Characteristics of Typical Radial Grounding Electrodes in Transmission Lines.
Authors: Cao, Wen1 caowen@xpu.edu.cn, Zhang, Jiarui1, Shen, Wei2, Cao, Yasong1
Source: Progress in Electromagnetics Research C. 2026, Vol. 164, p195-207. 13p.
Subjects: Impulse (Physics), Electrode performance, Comparative studies, Simulation software, Earth resistance (Geophysics), Electric lines
Abstract: To reveal the impulse behavior of radial grounding electrodes with different geometries, a comparative analysis was performed on three typical types: cross-shaped, Y-shaped, and rectangular ray-shaped electrodes. Existing research often examines only a single lightning waveform or influencing factor without addressing the coupled effects of the electrode shape and soil resistivity. In this work, CDEGS simulation software was used to analyze the lightning transient characteristics of the grounding electrodes. Multiple lightning current waveforms and soil resistivity levels were considered to quantitatively compare the power frequency resistance, impulse resistance, ground potential rise, step voltage, and frequency-domain response. The results indicated that the rectangular ray-shaped electrode exhibits better impulse performance in low-resistivity soils (150 Ω · m), whereas the cross- and Y-shaped electrodes performed more effectively in high-resistivity soils (2000 Ω · m). For mountainous regions with high lightning density, a cross-shaped configuration is preferred owing to its smaller footprint and lower inductive effect. In high-resistivity areas with infrequent lightning, a Y-shaped electrode provides a more favorable overall protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research C is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Quantitative Comparison Study on the Impulse Characteristics of Typical Radial Grounding Electrodes in Transmission Lines.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cao%2C+Wen%22">Cao, Wen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> caowen@xpu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Jiarui%22">Zhang, Jiarui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shen%2C+Wei%22">Shen, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cao%2C+Yasong%22">Cao, Yasong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Progress+in+Electromagnetics+Research+C%22">Progress in Electromagnetics Research C</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 164, p195-207. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impulse+%28Physics%29%22">Impulse (Physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrode+performance%22">Electrode performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Simulation+software%22">Simulation software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth+resistance+%28Geophysics%29%22">Earth resistance (Geophysics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+lines%22">Electric lines</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To reveal the impulse behavior of radial grounding electrodes with different geometries, a comparative analysis was performed on three typical types: cross-shaped, Y-shaped, and rectangular ray-shaped electrodes. Existing research often examines only a single lightning waveform or influencing factor without addressing the coupled effects of the electrode shape and soil resistivity. In this work, CDEGS simulation software was used to analyze the lightning transient characteristics of the grounding electrodes. Multiple lightning current waveforms and soil resistivity levels were considered to quantitatively compare the power frequency resistance, impulse resistance, ground potential rise, step voltage, and frequency-domain response. The results indicated that the rectangular ray-shaped electrode exhibits better impulse performance in low-resistivity soils (150 Ω · m), whereas the cross- and Y-shaped electrodes performed more effectively in high-resistivity soils (2000 Ω · m). For mountainous regions with high lightning density, a cross-shaped configuration is preferred owing to its smaller footprint and lower inductive effect. In high-resistivity areas with infrequent lightning, a Y-shaped electrode provides a more favorable overall protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research C is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2528/PIERC25092903
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 195
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Impulse (Physics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrode performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Simulation software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earth resistance (Geophysics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric lines
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Quantitative Comparison Study on the Impulse Characteristics of Typical Radial Grounding Electrodes in Transmission Lines.
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            NameFull: Cao, Wen
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            NameFull: Zhang, Jiarui
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            NameFull: Shen, Wei
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            NameFull: Cao, Yasong
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: 2026
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              Y: 2026
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              Value: 164
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            – TitleFull: Progress in Electromagnetics Research C
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