Accurate Indoor Channel Modeling for mmWave Communication Systems in Smart Environments Using Ray Tracing and Measurement‐Based Validation.
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| Title: | Accurate Indoor Channel Modeling for mmWave Communication Systems in Smart Environments Using Ray Tracing and Measurement‐Based Validation. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Yao, Ling1,2 (AUTHOR), Johar, Gapar2 (AUTHOR), Tham, Jacquline2 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Yurong1,2 (AUTHOR) zhaoyurong@axhu.edu.cn, Khosravi, Mohamadreza (AUTHOR) m.khosravi@sutech.ac.ir |
| Source: | International Journal of Intelligent Systems. 2/8/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-11. 11p. |
| Subjects: | Ray tracing, Millimeter wave communication systems, Model validation, Beamforming, Electromagnetic wave propagation, 6G networks, Digital technology, Radio wave propagation |
| Abstract: | The growing requests for extremely fast indoor wireless connectivity have introduced significant challenges in designing next‐generation communication systems to build Internet of things (IoT)–enabled fully connected smart environments, particularly at higher frequency bands such as millimeter wave (mmWave/MMW). Accurate channel modeling is critical for optimizing these systems, especially in indoor environments where reflections, diffractions, and penetration losses considerably impact signal propagation. This study presents a detailed channel modeling approach using ray tracing techniques to characterize mmWave signal behavior in complex indoor scenarios. To accurately capture essential parameters including path loss, delay spread, and angular spread, the approach simulates signal interactions with environmental elements (e.g., walls, floors, and furniture) by leveraging three‐dimensional (3D) building models. The study provides a deeper understanding of line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) propagation. Furthermore, it comprehensively compares the propagation characteristics of various frequency bands, ranging from sub‐6 GHz (e.g., 2.4 and 6 GHz) to mmWave (e.g., 28, 60, and 100 GHz), thereby highlighting their distinct behaviors under identical indoor conditions and user trajectories. Using ray tracing, channel impulse responses and path loss metrics are extracted, and coverage map of received power is proposed for each position. Results demonstrate that mmWave bands experience higher path losses than sub‐6 GHz frequencies and are significantly affected by shadowing and blockage. This study not only validates the accuracy of the ray tracing model against empirical data but also demonstrates its utility in designing robust mmWave communication systems, optimizing network deployments, and enhancing beamforming strategies for future 5G and 6G networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of International Journal of Intelligent Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 191457564 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Accurate Indoor Channel Modeling for mmWave Communication Systems in Smart Environments Using Ray Tracing and Measurement‐Based Validation. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yao%2C+Ling%22">Yao, Ling</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johar%2C+Gapar%22">Johar, Gapar</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tham%2C+Jacquline%22">Tham, Jacquline</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Yurong%22">Zhao, Yurong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhaoyurong@axhu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khosravi%2C+Mohamadreza%22">Khosravi, Mohamadreza</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<i> m.khosravi@sutech.ac.ir</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Intelligent+Systems%22">International Journal of Intelligent Systems</searchLink>. 2/8/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-11. 11p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ray+tracing%22">Ray tracing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Millimeter+wave+communication+systems%22">Millimeter wave communication systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Model+validation%22">Model validation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Beamforming%22">Beamforming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+wave+propagation%22">Electromagnetic wave propagation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%226G+networks%22">6G networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+technology%22">Digital technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radio+wave+propagation%22">Radio wave propagation</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The growing requests for extremely fast indoor wireless connectivity have introduced significant challenges in designing next‐generation communication systems to build Internet of things (IoT)–enabled fully connected smart environments, particularly at higher frequency bands such as millimeter wave (mmWave/MMW). Accurate channel modeling is critical for optimizing these systems, especially in indoor environments where reflections, diffractions, and penetration losses considerably impact signal propagation. This study presents a detailed channel modeling approach using ray tracing techniques to characterize mmWave signal behavior in complex indoor scenarios. To accurately capture essential parameters including path loss, delay spread, and angular spread, the approach simulates signal interactions with environmental elements (e.g., walls, floors, and furniture) by leveraging three‐dimensional (3D) building models. The study provides a deeper understanding of line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) propagation. Furthermore, it comprehensively compares the propagation characteristics of various frequency bands, ranging from sub‐6 GHz (e.g., 2.4 and 6 GHz) to mmWave (e.g., 28, 60, and 100 GHz), thereby highlighting their distinct behaviors under identical indoor conditions and user trajectories. Using ray tracing, channel impulse responses and path loss metrics are extracted, and coverage map of received power is proposed for each position. Results demonstrate that mmWave bands experience higher path losses than sub‐6 GHz frequencies and are significantly affected by shadowing and blockage. This study not only validates the accuracy of the ray tracing model against empirical data but also demonstrates its utility in designing robust mmWave communication systems, optimizing network deployments, and enhancing beamforming strategies for future 5G and 6G networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Intelligent Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1155/int/2713432 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Ray tracing Type: general – SubjectFull: Millimeter wave communication systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Model validation Type: general – SubjectFull: Beamforming Type: general – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic wave propagation Type: general – SubjectFull: 6G networks Type: general – SubjectFull: Digital technology Type: general – SubjectFull: Radio wave propagation Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Accurate Indoor Channel Modeling for mmWave Communication Systems in Smart Environments Using Ray Tracing and Measurement‐Based Validation. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yao, Ling – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Johar, Gapar – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tham, Jacquline – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhao, Yurong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Khosravi, Mohamadreza IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 08 M: 02 Text: 2/8/2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 08848173 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 2026 Titles: – TitleFull: International Journal of Intelligent Systems Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
