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Hybrid optimization algorithm based optimal position selection for watermarking in relational database.

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Title: Hybrid optimization algorithm based optimal position selection for watermarking in relational database.
Authors: Chhikara, Khushboo1 (AUTHOR) kchhikara31@gmail.com, Kumar, Manoj1 (AUTHOR) mkumarg@dce.ac.in
Source: Distributed & Parallel Databases. 2/11/2026, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p1-24. 24p.
Subjects: Digital watermarking, Relational databases, Database security, Optimization algorithms, Data protection
Abstract: The primary goal of database security is to establish data ownership by identifying the original creator of the data. It is especially crucial when it comes to electronic data since those sets are frequently altered and duplicated without giving due credit or acknowledgment to the original data source. Nowadays, to protect the database, watermarking systems are developed. Even though protecting relational databases using a watermarking system is challenging. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient watermarking system is developed to protect the relational database from data loss. The suggested system involves three phases such as optimal position selection, embedding, and extraction. Here, at first, for embedding, the optimal position of the relational database is selected using the Osprey with BAT optimization (OBO) algorithm. The proposed OBO algorithm is a combination of osprey optimization (O2) and the BAT algorithm. After position selection, we embed the watermark bit into the database. Then, the extraction process is carried out. Here, we used different embedding and extraction strategies for both numerical and non-numerical data. The efficiency of an introduced watermarking system is analyzed based on Mean square error (MSE) and Normalized correlation (NC). The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking system attained better results compared to other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Distributed & Parallel Databases is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Hybrid optimization algorithm based optimal position selection for watermarking in relational database.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chhikara%2C+Khushboo%22">Chhikara, Khushboo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kchhikara31@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Manoj%22">Kumar, Manoj</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mkumarg@dce.ac.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Distributed+%26+Parallel+Databases%22">Distributed & Parallel Databases</searchLink>. 2/11/2026, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p1-24. 24p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+watermarking%22">Digital watermarking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Relational+databases%22">Relational databases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Database+security%22">Database security</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optimization+algorithms%22">Optimization algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+protection%22">Data protection</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The primary goal of database security is to establish data ownership by identifying the original creator of the data. It is especially crucial when it comes to electronic data since those sets are frequently altered and duplicated without giving due credit or acknowledgment to the original data source. Nowadays, to protect the database, watermarking systems are developed. Even though protecting relational databases using a watermarking system is challenging. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient watermarking system is developed to protect the relational database from data loss. The suggested system involves three phases such as optimal position selection, embedding, and extraction. Here, at first, for embedding, the optimal position of the relational database is selected using the Osprey with BAT optimization (OBO) algorithm. The proposed OBO algorithm is a combination of osprey optimization (O2) and the BAT algorithm. After position selection, we embed the watermark bit into the database. Then, the extraction process is carried out. Here, we used different embedding and extraction strategies for both numerical and non-numerical data. The efficiency of an introduced watermarking system is analyzed based on Mean square error (MSE) and Normalized correlation (NC). The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking system attained better results compared to other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Distributed & Parallel Databases is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10619-026-07458-2
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Digital watermarking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Relational databases
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      – SubjectFull: Database security
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      – SubjectFull: Optimization algorithms
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      – SubjectFull: Data protection
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              Text: 2/11/2026
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