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Null infinity as SU(2) Chern–Simons theories and its quantization.

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Title: Null infinity as SU(2) Chern–Simons theories and its quantization.
Authors: Tan, Hongwei1 (AUTHOR) honweitan@hnit.edu.cn, Xiao, Kui1 (AUTHOR) xiaokui@hnit.edu.cn, Wang, Shoucheng1 (AUTHOR) scwang@hnit.edu.cn
Source: European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields. Jan2026, Vol. 86 Issue 1, p1-18. 18p.
Subjects: Chern-Simons gauge theory, Quantization (Physics), Entropy, Microstates (Statistical mechanics), Spacetime, Symplectic geometry
Abstract: This paper studies the quantization of the future null infinity ( I + ) of an asymptotically flat spacetime. Based on the observation by Ashtekar and Speziale that I + can be regarded as an extremal weakly isolated horizon, we extend the quantization framework developed for weakly isolated horizon to quantize I + . We first show that the symplectic structure of I + is equivalent to the sum of the symplectic structures of two SU(2) Chern–Simons theories with opposite levels. Based on this observation, we apply Chern–Simons quantization approach to quantize I + . Finally, we compute the entropy of I + by counting the microstates, showing that it is proportional to the area of Δ ~ , a spacelike cross-section of I + . Our result is consistent with the universal entropy formula in the framework of (weakly) isolated horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Hongwei%22">Tan, Hongwei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> honweitan@hnit.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiao%2C+Kui%22">Xiao, Kui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xiaokui@hnit.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Shoucheng%22">Wang, Shoucheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> scwang@hnit.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Physical+Journal+C+--+Particles+%26+Fields%22">European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 86 Issue 1, p1-18. 18p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chern-Simons+gauge+theory%22">Chern-Simons gauge theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantization+%28Physics%29%22">Quantization (Physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Entropy%22">Entropy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstates+%28Statistical+mechanics%29%22">Microstates (Statistical mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spacetime%22">Spacetime</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Symplectic+geometry%22">Symplectic geometry</searchLink>
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  Data: This paper studies the quantization of the future null infinity ( I + ) of an asymptotically flat spacetime. Based on the observation by Ashtekar and Speziale that I + can be regarded as an extremal weakly isolated horizon, we extend the quantization framework developed for weakly isolated horizon to quantize I + . We first show that the symplectic structure of I + is equivalent to the sum of the symplectic structures of two SU(2) Chern–Simons theories with opposite levels. Based on this observation, we apply Chern–Simons quantization approach to quantize I + . Finally, we compute the entropy of I + by counting the microstates, showing that it is proportional to the area of Δ ~ , a spacelike cross-section of I + . Our result is consistent with the universal entropy formula in the framework of (weakly) isolated horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15260-0
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Chern-Simons gauge theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quantization (Physics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Entropy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microstates (Statistical mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spacetime
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      – SubjectFull: Symplectic geometry
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Null infinity as SU(2) Chern–Simons theories and its quantization.
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            NameFull: Tan, Hongwei
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            NameFull: Xiao, Kui
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields
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