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Multi‐Rate Sampled and Delayed Output Signal Prediction‐Based Observer Design for Two‐Stage Anaerobic Digestion Process.

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Title: Multi‐Rate Sampled and Delayed Output Signal Prediction‐Based Observer Design for Two‐Stage Anaerobic Digestion Process.
Authors: Li, Hongxuan1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Haoping1 (AUTHOR) hp.wang@njust.edu.cn, Tian, Yang1 (AUTHOR), Zhuang, Xincheng1 (AUTHOR), Kabaivanova, Lyudmila2 (AUTHOR), Chorukova, Elena2 (AUTHOR), Simeonov, Ivan2 (AUTHOR), Christov, Nicolai3 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control. 3/10/2026, Vol. 36 Issue 4, p1693-1710. 18p.
Subjects: Anaerobic digestion, Irregular sampling (Signal processing), Noise measurement, Estimation theory, Biogas production, Time delay estimation, Process control systems, Observability (Control theory)
Abstract: Two‐stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) has emerged as a promising technology for both organic pollutant purification and biogas production. In industrial applications, however, TSAD process measurements are subject to multi‐rate sampling, different time delays, and sensor noise, while certain critical process states (e.g., concentrations of anaerobic microorganisms) remain unmeasurable in real time. To address these challenges, this study proposes a multi‐rate sampled and delayed output signal prediction‐based (MSDOSP) observer for TSAD processes, which simultaneously reduces measurement errors and estimates key unmeasurable states. The proposed MSDOSP observer utilizes multi‐rate sampled measurements with time delays and noise to simultaneously reconstruct accurate continuous signals and provide real‐time state estimation. The vector small‐gain theorem is employed to rigorously establish the stability conditions of the observer. Finally, the performance of the MSDOSP observer was verified on the MATLAB/Simulink platform compared with two existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191517291
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Multi‐Rate Sampled and Delayed Output Signal Prediction‐Based Observer Design for Two‐Stage Anaerobic Digestion Process.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Hongxuan%22">Li, Hongxuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Haoping%22">Wang, Haoping</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hp.wang@njust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tian%2C+Yang%22">Tian, Yang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhuang%2C+Xincheng%22">Zhuang, Xincheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kabaivanova%2C+Lyudmila%22">Kabaivanova, Lyudmila</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chorukova%2C+Elena%22">Chorukova, Elena</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Simeonov%2C+Ivan%22">Simeonov, Ivan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Christov%2C+Nicolai%22">Christov, Nicolai</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Robust+%26+Nonlinear+Control%22">International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control</searchLink>. 3/10/2026, Vol. 36 Issue 4, p1693-1710. 18p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anaerobic+digestion%22">Anaerobic digestion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Irregular+sampling+%28Signal+processing%29%22">Irregular sampling (Signal processing)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Noise+measurement%22">Noise measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Estimation+theory%22">Estimation theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biogas+production%22">Biogas production</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time+delay+estimation%22">Time delay estimation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Process+control+systems%22">Process control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Observability+%28Control+theory%29%22">Observability (Control theory)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Two‐stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) has emerged as a promising technology for both organic pollutant purification and biogas production. In industrial applications, however, TSAD process measurements are subject to multi‐rate sampling, different time delays, and sensor noise, while certain critical process states (e.g., concentrations of anaerobic microorganisms) remain unmeasurable in real time. To address these challenges, this study proposes a multi‐rate sampled and delayed output signal prediction‐based (MSDOSP) observer for TSAD processes, which simultaneously reduces measurement errors and estimates key unmeasurable states. The proposed MSDOSP observer utilizes multi‐rate sampled measurements with time delays and noise to simultaneously reconstruct accurate continuous signals and provide real‐time state estimation. The vector small‐gain theorem is employed to rigorously establish the stability conditions of the observer. Finally, the performance of the MSDOSP observer was verified on the MATLAB/Simulink platform compared with two existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/rnc.70234
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1693
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Anaerobic digestion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Irregular sampling (Signal processing)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Noise measurement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Estimation theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biogas production
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Time delay estimation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Process control systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Observability (Control theory)
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Multi‐Rate Sampled and Delayed Output Signal Prediction‐Based Observer Design for Two‐Stage Anaerobic Digestion Process.
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            NameFull: Li, Hongxuan
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            NameFull: Tian, Yang
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              M: 03
              Text: 3/10/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 36
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