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Voltage Control of the Boost Converter: PI vs. Nonlinear Passivity‐Based Control.

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Title: Voltage Control of the Boost Converter: PI vs. Nonlinear Passivity‐Based Control.
Authors: Fang, Leyan1,2 (AUTHOR) leyan.fang@itam.mx, Ortega, Romeo2 (AUTHOR), Griñó, Robert3 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control. 3/25/2026, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p2557-2570. 14p.
Subjects: Passivity-based control, DC-to-DC converters, Stability theory, PID controllers, Observability (Control theory), Nonlinear control theory, Voltage control
Abstract: We carry out a detailed analysis of direct voltage control of a Boost converter feeding a simple resistive load. First, we prove that using a classical PI control to stabilize a desired equilibrium leads to a very complicated dynamic behavior consisting of two equilibrium points, one of them can be stabilized for PI gains within certain negative ranges, while the second equilibrium point may also be rendered stable—but for sufficiently large positive tuning gains. Moreover, if we neglect the resistive effect of the inductor, there is only one equilibrium and it is stable for a certain range of negative PI gains. From a practical point of view, it is important to note that the only useful equilibrium point is that of minimum current and that, in addition, there is always a resistive component in the inductor either by its parasitic resistance or by the resistive component of the output impedance of the previous stage. In opposition to this scenario, we recall three nonlinear voltage‐feedback controllers that ensure asymptotic stability of the desired equilibrium with simple gain tuning rules, an easily defined domain of attraction, and smooth transient behavior. Two of them are very simple, nonlinear, static voltage feedback rules, while the third one is a variation of the PID scheme called PID‐Passivity‐based Control (PBC). In its original formulation, PID‐PBC requires full state measurement, but we present a modified version that incorporates a current observer. All three nonlinear controllers are designed following the principles of PBC, which has had enormous success in many engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191517344
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Voltage Control of the Boost Converter: PI vs. Nonlinear Passivity‐Based Control.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fang%2C+Leyan%22">Fang, Leyan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> leyan.fang@itam.mx</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ortega%2C+Romeo%22">Ortega, Romeo</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Griñó%2C+Robert%22">Griñó, Robert</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Robust+%26+Nonlinear+Control%22">International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control</searchLink>. 3/25/2026, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p2557-2570. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Passivity-based+control%22">Passivity-based control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DC-to-DC+converters%22">DC-to-DC converters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stability+theory%22">Stability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PID+controllers%22">PID controllers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Observability+%28Control+theory%29%22">Observability (Control theory)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonlinear+control+theory%22">Nonlinear control theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Voltage+control%22">Voltage control</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: We carry out a detailed analysis of direct voltage control of a Boost converter feeding a simple resistive load. First, we prove that using a classical PI control to stabilize a desired equilibrium leads to a very complicated dynamic behavior consisting of two equilibrium points, one of them can be stabilized for PI gains within certain negative ranges, while the second equilibrium point may also be rendered stable—but for sufficiently large positive tuning gains. Moreover, if we neglect the resistive effect of the inductor, there is only one equilibrium and it is stable for a certain range of negative PI gains. From a practical point of view, it is important to note that the only useful equilibrium point is that of minimum current and that, in addition, there is always a resistive component in the inductor either by its parasitic resistance or by the resistive component of the output impedance of the previous stage. In opposition to this scenario, we recall three nonlinear voltage‐feedback controllers that ensure asymptotic stability of the desired equilibrium with simple gain tuning rules, an easily defined domain of attraction, and smooth transient behavior. Two of them are very simple, nonlinear, static voltage feedback rules, while the third one is a variation of the PID scheme called PID‐Passivity‐based Control (PBC). In its original formulation, PID‐PBC requires full state measurement, but we present a modified version that incorporates a current observer. All three nonlinear controllers are designed following the principles of PBC, which has had enormous success in many engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/rnc.70289
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 2557
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Passivity-based control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DC-to-DC converters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stability theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PID controllers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Observability (Control theory)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonlinear control theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Voltage control
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Voltage Control of the Boost Converter: PI vs. Nonlinear Passivity‐Based Control.
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            NameFull: Fang, Leyan
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            NameFull: Ortega, Romeo
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            NameFull: Griñó, Robert
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            – D: 25
              M: 03
              Text: 3/25/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control
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