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Influence of Model Design and Printing Orientation on the Dimensional Accuracy of 3D-Printed Models for Implant-Supported Restorations.

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Title: Influence of Model Design and Printing Orientation on the Dimensional Accuracy of 3D-Printed Models for Implant-Supported Restorations.
Authors: Förtsch, Felix1 (AUTHOR), Klemt, Antonius1 (AUTHOR), Kabst, Valentin1 (AUTHOR), Schwandner, Harald1 (AUTHOR), Wichmann, Manfred1 (AUTHOR), Matta, Ragai Edward1 (AUTHOR) ragai.matta@uk-erlangen.de
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p516. 8p.
Subjects: Three-dimensional printing, Models & modelmaking, Maxilla, Statistical accuracy
Abstract: Dimensional accuracy of 3D-printed implant models is essential for precise implant-supported restorations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of printing orientation and model base design on the accuracy of implant position transfer. A standardized maxillary model with four implants was scanned using an intraoral scanner. Solid and hollow models were designed and printed using digital light processing (DLP) technology at orientations of 0°, 45°, and 90° (n = 10 per group). All models were digitized with a high-precision industrial scanner, and implant position deviations were determined by comparing corresponding reference points with the master model. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Printing orientation significantly affected accuracy (p < 0.001). Models printed at 45° showed the highest deviations, whereas those printed at 0° and 90° exhibited comparable and superior accuracy. Model design (solid vs. hollow) had no significant influence at 0° and 90°, but hollow models were more accurate at 45° (p < 0.001). Mean deviations ranged from 131 μm to 382 μm. Printing at 0° or 90° is recommended, while 45° orientations should be avoided. Model design showed minimal effect on accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Influence of Model Design and Printing Orientation on the Dimensional Accuracy of 3D-Printed Models for Implant-Supported Restorations.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Three-dimensional+printing%22&quot;&gt;Three-dimensional printing&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Models+%26+modelmaking%22&quot;&gt;Models &amp; modelmaking&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Maxilla%22&quot;&gt;Maxilla&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Statistical+accuracy%22&quot;&gt;Statistical accuracy&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: Dimensional accuracy of 3D-printed implant models is essential for precise implant-supported restorations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of printing orientation and model base design on the accuracy of implant position transfer. A standardized maxillary model with four implants was scanned using an intraoral scanner. Solid and hollow models were designed and printed using digital light processing (DLP) technology at orientations of 0&#176;, 45&#176;, and 90&#176; (n = 10 per group). All models were digitized with a high-precision industrial scanner, and implant position deviations were determined by comparing corresponding reference points with the master model. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Printing orientation significantly affected accuracy (p &lt; 0.001). Models printed at 45&#176; showed the highest deviations, whereas those printed at 0&#176; and 90&#176; exhibited comparable and superior accuracy. Model design (solid vs. hollow) had no significant influence at 0&#176; and 90&#176;, but hollow models were more accurate at 45&#176; (p &lt; 0.001). Mean deviations ranged from 131 μm to 382 μm. Printing at 0&#176; or 90&#176; is recommended, while 45&#176; orientations should be avoided. Model design showed minimal effect on accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19030516
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 516
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      – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional printing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Models & modelmaking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maxilla
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical accuracy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Influence of Model Design and Printing Orientation on the Dimensional Accuracy of 3D-Printed Models for Implant-Supported Restorations.
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            NameFull: Förtsch, Felix
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            NameFull: Klemt, Antonius
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            NameFull: Kabst, Valentin
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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