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Simplifications in the Optimization of Heat Pumps and Their Comparison for Effects on the Accuracy of the Results †.

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Title: Simplifications in the Optimization of Heat Pumps and Their Comparison for Effects on the Accuracy of the Results †.
Authors: Görgen, Maurice1 (AUTHOR) maurice.goergen@hs-niederrhein.de, Zaubitzer, Louisa (AUTHOR), Alsmeyer, Frank (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p635. 17p.
Subjects: Heat pump efficiency, Compressor performance, Standard deviations, Approximation theory, Reduced-order models, Comparative studies
Abstract: This work presents a model that calculates temperature-dependent heat pump performances as a circular heat pump process as a reference model. The model is then systematically simplified by making assumptions or applying functional approximations to key variables. These simplifications include linearization of the substance database calculations and modeling of the compressor efficiency as a function or constant. The effects of these simplifications on the accuracy of results are quantified and compared with other modeling approaches from the literature suitable for linear and bilinear optimization issues. Initial comparisons show that the root mean square error of the model achieves better results than comparable methods. While the root mean square error of the COP in linearized models in the compared literature ranges from 0.433 to 1.233, it can be improved to a maximum of 0.335 using the approach presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Simplifications in the Optimization of Heat Pumps and Their Comparison for Effects on the Accuracy of the Results †.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Görgen%2C+Maurice%22">Görgen, Maurice</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> maurice.goergen@hs-niederrhein.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zaubitzer%2C+Louisa%22">Zaubitzer, Louisa</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alsmeyer%2C+Frank%22">Alsmeyer, Frank</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p635. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+pump+efficiency%22">Heat pump efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressor+performance%22">Compressor performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standard+deviations%22">Standard deviations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Approximation+theory%22">Approximation theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reduced-order+models%22">Reduced-order models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This work presents a model that calculates temperature-dependent heat pump performances as a circular heat pump process as a reference model. The model is then systematically simplified by making assumptions or applying functional approximations to key variables. These simplifications include linearization of the substance database calculations and modeling of the compressor efficiency as a function or constant. The effects of these simplifications on the accuracy of results are quantified and compared with other modeling approaches from the literature suitable for linear and bilinear optimization issues. Initial comparisons show that the root mean square error of the model achieves better results than comparable methods. While the root mean square error of the COP in linearized models in the compared literature ranges from 0.433 to 1.233, it can be improved to a maximum of 0.335 using the approach presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/en19030635
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
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      – SubjectFull: Heat pump efficiency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compressor performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Standard deviations
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      – SubjectFull: Approximation theory
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      – SubjectFull: Reduced-order models
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – TitleFull: Simplifications in the Optimization of Heat Pumps and Their Comparison for Effects on the Accuracy of the Results †.
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              Text: Feb2026
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