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A Core–Shell Elastic Flame Retardant with Superior Migration Resistance for Fire-Safe and Toughened Polyamide 66.

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Title: A Core–Shell Elastic Flame Retardant with Superior Migration Resistance for Fire-Safe and Toughened Polyamide 66.
Authors: Zhang, Jingfan1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Xiao-Jie1,2 (AUTHOR), Ran, Guowen1,2 (AUTHOR), Fu, Xiaoting1,2 (AUTHOR), Xie, Haisheng1,2 (AUTHOR), Yu, Xiangtian1,2 (AUTHOR) yuxiangtian1@sinochem.com, Chen, Chaofeng1,2 (AUTHOR) chenchaofeng@sinochem.com
Source: Polymers (20734360). Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p363. 17p.
Subjects: Polyamides, Silicone rubber, Hardness, Fireproofing agents
Abstract: A major challenge for halogen-free flame retardants is their tendency to migrate under high-temperature and high-humidity environments. For instance, the combination of aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) used in polyamide 66 (PA66) easily migrated to the surface, leading to a white and frost-like appearance. To address this issue, a core–shell elastic flame retardant (SiR@FR) was prepared via a solution deposition method, wherein a polymethylsiloxane (SiR) layer was encapsulated on the surface of ADP and MPP. This shell not only improved the hydrophobicity of the FR but also the toughness of PA66. Experimental results demonstrated that PA66 with 9-SiR@FR (PA66-5) exhibited excellent migration resistance, with no visible surface whitening after 480 h of aging at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity. Meanwhile, PA66-5 displayed outstanding flame retardancy, achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating with an approximate 65% decrease in peak heat release rate compared with control PA66. Furthermore, SiR@FR enhanced the toughness of PA66 by alleviating stress concentration, resulting in a 21% increase in impact strength. This study presents a simple but reliable encapsulation strategy for fabricating flame-retardant PA66 composites that combine superior migration resistance and satisfactory mechanical properties, showing promising potential for demanding applications requiring long-term usability and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A Core–Shell Elastic Flame Retardant with Superior Migration Resistance for Fire-Safe and Toughened Polyamide 66.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p363. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyamides%22">Polyamides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silicone+rubber%22">Silicone rubber</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hardness%22">Hardness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fireproofing+agents%22">Fireproofing agents</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: A major challenge for halogen-free flame retardants is their tendency to migrate under high-temperature and high-humidity environments. For instance, the combination of aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) used in polyamide 66 (PA66) easily migrated to the surface, leading to a white and frost-like appearance. To address this issue, a core–shell elastic flame retardant (SiR@FR) was prepared via a solution deposition method, wherein a polymethylsiloxane (SiR) layer was encapsulated on the surface of ADP and MPP. This shell not only improved the hydrophobicity of the FR but also the toughness of PA66. Experimental results demonstrated that PA66 with 9-SiR@FR (PA66-5) exhibited excellent migration resistance, with no visible surface whitening after 480 h of aging at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity. Meanwhile, PA66-5 displayed outstanding flame retardancy, achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating with an approximate 65% decrease in peak heat release rate compared with control PA66. Furthermore, SiR@FR enhanced the toughness of PA66 by alleviating stress concentration, resulting in a 21% increase in impact strength. This study presents a simple but reliable encapsulation strategy for fabricating flame-retardant PA66 composites that combine superior migration resistance and satisfactory mechanical properties, showing promising potential for demanding applications requiring long-term usability and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18030363
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 363
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      – SubjectFull: Polyamides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Silicone rubber
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      – SubjectFull: Hardness
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      – SubjectFull: Fireproofing agents
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      – TitleFull: A Core–Shell Elastic Flame Retardant with Superior Migration Resistance for Fire-Safe and Toughened Polyamide 66.
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            NameFull: Zhang, Jingfan
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            NameFull: Ran, Guowen
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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