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Enhancing GNSS timing and positioning performance through receiver clock noise modeling.

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Title: Enhancing GNSS timing and positioning performance through receiver clock noise modeling.
Authors: Zuo, Hongming1,2 (AUTHOR), Guo, Wenfei1,3 (AUTHOR) wf.guo@whu.edu.cn, Wang, Xiwei1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Jingnan1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Measurement Science & Technology. 2026, Vol. 37 Issue 6, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Atomic clocks, Crystal oscillators, Global Positioning System, Signal frequency estimation, Statistical measurement, Wireless geolocation systems
Abstract: The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is essential for timing and positioning. In conventional receivers, clock offset is treated as a common error and often lacks careful modeling. However, accurate clock state estimation is crucial in GNSS-based remote timing. Current methods typically model clock error as white noise, which can amplify estimation noise in both the up-coordinate and clock states under certain conditions. Incorporating clock modeling has the potential to mitigate such noise. This study explores the theoretical foundations of clock modeling and examines its influence on GNSS positioning and timing performance. We establish the GNSS timing model and the clock signal model, and clarify the relationship between Allan Variance and the diffusion coefficient. Using a small Rubidium atomic clock and an oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) as examples, we evaluate the effect of clock modeling on frequency offset estimation noise and vertical positioning precision. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that clock modeling significantly reduces frequency offset estimation noise, with noise attenuation ranging from 17.19% to 52.83% for OCXO and 87.67% to 97.83% for the Rubidium clock. More stable clocks exhibit greater improvement. Additionally, clock modeling enhances short-term up-coordinate positioning stability, showing improvements of 78.74% for OCXO and 84.23% for the Rubidium clock at 1 s intervals. These findings highlight the potential of clock modeling for rapid online frequency monitoring and improved GNSS timing and positioning performance with OCXOs and compact atomic clocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is essential for timing and positioning. In conventional receivers, clock offset is treated as a common error and often lacks careful modeling. However, accurate clock state estimation is crucial in GNSS-based remote timing. Current methods typically model clock error as white noise, which can amplify estimation noise in both the up-coordinate and clock states under certain conditions. Incorporating clock modeling has the potential to mitigate such noise. This study explores the theoretical foundations of clock modeling and examines its influence on GNSS positioning and timing performance. We establish the GNSS timing model and the clock signal model, and clarify the relationship between Allan Variance and the diffusion coefficient. Using a small Rubidium atomic clock and an oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) as examples, we evaluate the effect of clock modeling on frequency offset estimation noise and vertical positioning precision. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that clock modeling significantly reduces frequency offset estimation noise, with noise attenuation ranging from 17.19% to 52.83% for OCXO and 87.67% to 97.83% for the Rubidium clock. More stable clocks exhibit greater improvement. Additionally, clock modeling enhances short-term up-coordinate positioning stability, showing improvements of 78.74% for OCXO and 84.23% for the Rubidium clock at 1 s intervals. These findings highlight the potential of clock modeling for rapid online frequency monitoring and improved GNSS timing and positioning performance with OCXOs and compact atomic clocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:09570233
DOI:10.1088/1361-6501/ae412a