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Simulation and Optimization of Ballistic-Transport-Induced Avalanche Effects in Two-Dimensional Materials.

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Title: Simulation and Optimization of Ballistic-Transport-Induced Avalanche Effects in Two-Dimensional Materials.
Authors: Wang, Haipeng1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Wei1,2 (AUTHOR) hanwu@std.uestc.edu.cn, Wu, Han1,3 (AUTHOR), Li, Tong1,4 (AUTHOR), Cheng, Beitong1 (AUTHOR), Luo, Jieping1,2 (AUTHOR), Jiang, Ruomei1,3 (AUTHOR), Cai, Mengke1,4 (AUTHOR), Huang, Shuai1 (AUTHOR), Song, Haizhi1,2,3,4 (AUTHOR) hzsong1296@163.com
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Feb2026, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p154. 18p.
Subjects: Two-dimensional materials (Nanotechnology), Photon detectors, Computer simulation, Impact ionization, Ballistic conduction, Physics, Mathematical optimization
Abstract: This study, for the first time, investigates and simulates ballistic-transport-induced avalanche behavior in two-dimensional materials. Using a technology computer-aided design simulation platform, a device model for ballistic avalanche transport is systematically established. By accurately calibrating the material parameters of two-dimensional materials and selecting appropriate physical models, the key features of the ballistic avalanche effect are successfully reproduced, including low threshold voltage and high gain. The simulation results show good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, mechanism-based analysis is performed to clarify the influence of critical design parameters on the avalanche threshold and multiplication gain. Finally, based on the same physical models and mechanistic understanding, the operational paradigm and performance of ballistic-transport avalanche photodetectors based on two-dimensional materials are predicted. This work provides a reliable theoretical foundation and a robust simulation framework for the optimized design of high-performance and low-power avalanche photon devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Simulation and Optimization of Ballistic-Transport-Induced Avalanche Effects in Two-Dimensional Materials.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Haipeng%22">Wang, Haipeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Wei%22">Zhang, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hanwu@std.uestc.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Han%22">Wu, Han</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Tong%22">Li, Tong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cheng%2C+Beitong%22">Cheng, Beitong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Jieping%22">Luo, Jieping</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Ruomei%22">Jiang, Ruomei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cai%2C+Mengke%22">Cai, Mengke</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Shuai%22">Huang, Shuai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Song%2C+Haizhi%22">Song, Haizhi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hzsong1296@163.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p154. 18p.
– Name: Subject
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  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Two-dimensional+materials+%28Nanotechnology%29%22">Two-dimensional materials (Nanotechnology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photon+detectors%22">Photon detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impact+ionization%22">Impact ionization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ballistic+conduction%22">Ballistic conduction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physics%22">Physics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+optimization%22">Mathematical optimization</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study, for the first time, investigates and simulates ballistic-transport-induced avalanche behavior in two-dimensional materials. Using a technology computer-aided design simulation platform, a device model for ballistic avalanche transport is systematically established. By accurately calibrating the material parameters of two-dimensional materials and selecting appropriate physical models, the key features of the ballistic avalanche effect are successfully reproduced, including low threshold voltage and high gain. The simulation results show good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, mechanism-based analysis is performed to clarify the influence of critical design parameters on the avalanche threshold and multiplication gain. Finally, based on the same physical models and mechanistic understanding, the operational paradigm and performance of ballistic-transport avalanche photodetectors based on two-dimensional materials are predicted. This work provides a reliable theoretical foundation and a robust simulation framework for the optimized design of high-performance and low-power avalanche photon devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano16030154
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 154
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Two-dimensional materials (Nanotechnology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photon detectors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Impact ionization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ballistic conduction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical optimization
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Simulation and Optimization of Ballistic-Transport-Induced Avalanche Effects in Two-Dimensional Materials.
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            NameFull: Wang, Haipeng
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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