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Fine-Tuning Positive-Surface-Charge Carbon Dots for High-Efficiency and Low-Cytotoxicity Gene Delivery.

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Title: Fine-Tuning Positive-Surface-Charge Carbon Dots for High-Efficiency and Low-Cytotoxicity Gene Delivery.
Authors: Zhang, Shuo1 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Yangming1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Qi1 (AUTHOR) 13593432945@163.com, Xue, Juanjuan1 (AUTHOR), Li, Ruijie1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Tao1 (AUTHOR), Duan, Qianqian1 (AUTHOR), Sang, Shengbo1 (AUTHOR) sunboa-sang@tyut.edu.cn
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Feb2026, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p169. 16p.
Subjects: Gene delivery techniques, Surface charges, Osteoarthritis, Cell survival, Gene transfection, Small interfering RNA, Biocompatibility, Carbon nanodots
Abstract: Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a promising non-viral gene delivery vector due to their excellent biocompatibility and tunable surface properties. In this study, four CDs with gradient-positive zeta potentials (7.23 mV, 16.7 mV, 25.3 mV, 34.5 mV) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Among these, CDs-3 with an optimal zeta potential of 25.3 mV stood out, exhibiting ultra-low cytotoxicity (cell viability > 80% even at 50 μg/mL) and a transfection efficiency of nearly 100% (for GFP plasmid delivery), significantly outperforming commercial vectors Lipo2000 and PEI. A stable CDs-3/siIhh delivery system was constructed at a mass ratio of 2:1. In vitro evaluations confirmed that CDs-3/siIhh could efficiently regulate the Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) signaling pathway and osteoarthritis (OA)-related markers in both normal and IL-1β-induced inflammatory ATDC5 chondrocytes. Its regulatory effect was significantly superior to that of the commercial Lipo2000/siIhh and PEI/siIhh systems. This consistent "transcription–translation" regulation, combined with the carrier's safety and excellent cellular internalization capacity in chondrocytes, highlights its potential for OA gene therapy. Collectively, our work develops a novel, safe, and efficient positive-potential CD-based gene delivery vector, providing a promising gene regulatory capacity by leveraging optimized surface charge engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Fine-Tuning Positive-Surface-Charge Carbon Dots for High-Efficiency and Low-Cytotoxicity Gene Delivery.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Shuo%22">Zhang, Shuo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Yangming%22">Zhou, Yangming</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Qi%22">Zhang, Qi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 13593432945@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xue%2C+Juanjuan%22">Xue, Juanjuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Ruijie%22">Li, Ruijie</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Tao%22">Liu, Tao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duan%2C+Qianqian%22">Duan, Qianqian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sang%2C+Shengbo%22">Sang, Shengbo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sunboa-sang@tyut.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p169. 16p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gene+delivery+techniques%22">Gene delivery techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+charges%22">Surface charges</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Osteoarthritis%22">Osteoarthritis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cell+survival%22">Cell survival</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gene+transfection%22">Gene transfection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Small+interfering+RNA%22">Small interfering RNA</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biocompatibility%22">Biocompatibility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+nanodots%22">Carbon nanodots</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a promising non-viral gene delivery vector due to their excellent biocompatibility and tunable surface properties. In this study, four CDs with gradient-positive zeta potentials (7.23 mV, 16.7 mV, 25.3 mV, 34.5 mV) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Among these, CDs-3 with an optimal zeta potential of 25.3 mV stood out, exhibiting ultra-low cytotoxicity (cell viability > 80% even at 50 μg/mL) and a transfection efficiency of nearly 100% (for GFP plasmid delivery), significantly outperforming commercial vectors Lipo2000 and PEI. A stable CDs-3/siIhh delivery system was constructed at a mass ratio of 2:1. In vitro evaluations confirmed that CDs-3/siIhh could efficiently regulate the Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) signaling pathway and osteoarthritis (OA)-related markers in both normal and IL-1β-induced inflammatory ATDC5 chondrocytes. Its regulatory effect was significantly superior to that of the commercial Lipo2000/siIhh and PEI/siIhh systems. This consistent "transcription–translation" regulation, combined with the carrier's safety and excellent cellular internalization capacity in chondrocytes, highlights its potential for OA gene therapy. Collectively, our work develops a novel, safe, and efficient positive-potential CD-based gene delivery vector, providing a promising gene regulatory capacity by leveraging optimized surface charge engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano16030169
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
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      – SubjectFull: Gene delivery techniques
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface charges
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Osteoarthritis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cell survival
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gene transfection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Small interfering RNA
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biocompatibility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon nanodots
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      – TitleFull: Fine-Tuning Positive-Surface-Charge Carbon Dots for High-Efficiency and Low-Cytotoxicity Gene Delivery.
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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