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The roles of conductivity in eddy current distributions in nondestructive testing of isotropic and anisotropic materials.

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Title: The roles of conductivity in eddy current distributions in nondestructive testing of isotropic and anisotropic materials.
Authors: Wang, Shuo1 (AUTHOR), Zeng, Zhiwei1 (AUTHOR) zeng@xmu.edu.cn, Liao, Yanfei1 (AUTHOR), Cao, Zheng1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation. Mar2026, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p1673-1688. 16p.
Subjects: Electric conductivity, Eddy current testing, Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics, Nondestructive testing, Anisotropic crystals, Finite element method, Isotropic properties
Abstract: The investigation of eddy current (EC) distribution is of paramount importance in enhancing damage detection and evaluation in eddy current testing (ECT) of conductive materials. The conductivity of material plays a decisive role in EC distribution, yet the specific mechanisms by which conductivity influences EC distribution remain unclear. This study employs the finite element (FE) method to explore EC distributions in materials with various conductivity characteristics under pancake-coil excitation, accompanied by a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms. In isotropic materials, as conductivity rises, the in-plane distribution of EC becomes increasingly concentrated beneath the coil windings. This phenomenon is elucidated through the proposed three-coil model. Concurrently, the rate of EC attenuation approaches that observed under uniform-field excitation. For carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), it has been reported that the EC has a faster rate of attenuation in the normal direction in unidirectional CFRP than in isotropic material and the EC density exhibits a nonmonotonic variation characteristic in the normal direction in multidirectional CFRP. The mechanisms analyses for the phenomena are proposed in this paper. These findings and analyses fundamentally elucidate the effects of conductivity on EC distributions, offering valuable insights for the identification and localisation of potential defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: The roles of conductivity in eddy current distributions in nondestructive testing of isotropic and anisotropic materials.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Shuo%22">Wang, Shuo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zeng%2C+Zhiwei%22">Zeng, Zhiwei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zeng@xmu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liao%2C+Yanfei%22">Liao, Yanfei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cao%2C+Zheng%22">Cao, Zheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nondestructive+Testing+%26+Evaluation%22">Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p1673-1688. 16p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+conductivity%22">Electric conductivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eddy+current+testing%22">Eddy current testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+fiber-reinforced+plastics%22">Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nondestructive+testing%22">Nondestructive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anisotropic+crystals%22">Anisotropic crystals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Isotropic+properties%22">Isotropic properties</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The investigation of eddy current (EC) distribution is of paramount importance in enhancing damage detection and evaluation in eddy current testing (ECT) of conductive materials. The conductivity of material plays a decisive role in EC distribution, yet the specific mechanisms by which conductivity influences EC distribution remain unclear. This study employs the finite element (FE) method to explore EC distributions in materials with various conductivity characteristics under pancake-coil excitation, accompanied by a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms. In isotropic materials, as conductivity rises, the in-plane distribution of EC becomes increasingly concentrated beneath the coil windings. This phenomenon is elucidated through the proposed three-coil model. Concurrently, the rate of EC attenuation approaches that observed under uniform-field excitation. For carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), it has been reported that the EC has a faster rate of attenuation in the normal direction in unidirectional CFRP than in isotropic material and the EC density exhibits a nonmonotonic variation characteristic in the normal direction in multidirectional CFRP. The mechanisms analyses for the phenomena are proposed in this paper. These findings and analyses fundamentally elucidate the effects of conductivity on EC distributions, offering valuable insights for the identification and localisation of potential defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10589759.2025.2505095
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1673
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      – SubjectFull: Electric conductivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Eddy current testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nondestructive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anisotropic crystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Isotropic properties
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The roles of conductivity in eddy current distributions in nondestructive testing of isotropic and anisotropic materials.
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            NameFull: Wang, Shuo
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            NameFull: Zeng, Zhiwei
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            NameFull: Liao, Yanfei
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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