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Enhancement of domestic solar water heater performance by numerical and experimental analysis of curved tubes.

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Title: Enhancement of domestic solar water heater performance by numerical and experimental analysis of curved tubes.
Authors: Sivaraman, G.1 (AUTHOR) indsivaraman@gmail.com, Mohan, R.1 (AUTHOR) rmohan121@gmail.com, Lenin, V. R.2 (AUTHOR) leninrangasamya@gmail.com, Vijayan, V.3 (AUTHOR) vijayan.me@gmail.com
Source: Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry. Jan2026, Vol. 151 Issue 1, p733-748. 16p.
Subjects: Solar water heaters, Heat transfer, Thermal properties, Experimental design, Computer simulation, Exergy, Pipe bending, Energy consumption
Abstract: The research is on the thermal performance and the maximization of energy efficiency of solar water heaters for home applications. Through numerical simulation coupled with the DOE method with Orthogonal Array, regression model, and ANOVA, these factors were calculated for their effects, viz. pipe diameter, thickness, inter-pipe distance, bond ratio, and absorber plate thickness. The highest effect on outlet temperature was the diameter of the pipe, with 71.84%; then, the effect on configuration type amounted to 23.09%, while the bond ratio accounted for 3.30%. The optimal design of the system results in the outlet water temperature of about 91.15 °C, which is experimentally verified with an error of 2.25% only. Based on the seasonal performance, the values of outlet temperature vary from 67.1 °C (during winter) and 92.4 °C (during summer), while the energy efficiency varies with solar radiation, attaining a maximum of 62% during periods of high solar radiation. An exergy analysis also showed a pattern of improvement under different climatic conditions. The results indicate that curved-tube designs enhance heat transfer and efficiency to a much larger extent during process maximization. The proposed approaches thus give strong incentives for the transformation of a sustainable ultra-efficient solar water heater adaptable to seasonal and regional requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191658413
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Enhancement of domestic solar water heater performance by numerical and experimental analysis of curved tubes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sivaraman%2C+G%2E%22">Sivaraman, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> indsivaraman@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohan%2C+R%2E%22">Mohan, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rmohan121@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lenin%2C+V%2E+R%2E%22">Lenin, V. R.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> leninrangasamya@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vijayan%2C+V%2E%22">Vijayan, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> vijayan.me@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Thermal+Analysis+%26+Calorimetry%22">Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 151 Issue 1, p733-748. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+water+heaters%22">Solar water heaters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+transfer%22">Heat transfer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+properties%22">Thermal properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Exergy%22">Exergy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pipe+bending%22">Pipe bending</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The research is on the thermal performance and the maximization of energy efficiency of solar water heaters for home applications. Through numerical simulation coupled with the DOE method with Orthogonal Array, regression model, and ANOVA, these factors were calculated for their effects, viz. pipe diameter, thickness, inter-pipe distance, bond ratio, and absorber plate thickness. The highest effect on outlet temperature was the diameter of the pipe, with 71.84%; then, the effect on configuration type amounted to 23.09%, while the bond ratio accounted for 3.30%. The optimal design of the system results in the outlet water temperature of about 91.15 °C, which is experimentally verified with an error of 2.25% only. Based on the seasonal performance, the values of outlet temperature vary from 67.1 °C (during winter) and 92.4 °C (during summer), while the energy efficiency varies with solar radiation, attaining a maximum of 62% during periods of high solar radiation. An exergy analysis also showed a pattern of improvement under different climatic conditions. The results indicate that curved-tube designs enhance heat transfer and efficiency to a much larger extent during process maximization. The proposed approaches thus give strong incentives for the transformation of a sustainable ultra-efficient solar water heater adaptable to seasonal and regional requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1007/s10973-025-15095-7
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 733
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Solar water heaters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat transfer
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal properties
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Exergy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pipe bending
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Enhancement of domestic solar water heater performance by numerical and experimental analysis of curved tubes.
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            NameFull: Sivaraman, G.
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            NameFull: Mohan, R.
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            NameFull: Lenin, V. R.
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry
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