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Voltammetric polyaniline aptasensor for SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein biomarker.

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Title: Voltammetric polyaniline aptasensor for SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein biomarker.
Authors: Gazu, Nolwazi T.1 (AUTHOR), Zwane, Simphiwe1 (AUTHOR) zwanes@unisa.ac.za, Masunga, Ginny1 (AUTHOR), Peng, Xinwen2 (AUTHOR), Zhong, Linxin2 (AUTHOR), Feleni, Usisipho1 (AUTHOR) felenu@unisa.ac.za
Source: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. Mar2026, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p1205-1219. 15p.
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus spike protein, Polyanilines, Industrial wastes, Electrochemical sensors, Biosensors
Abstract: Conducting polymer (CP)-based electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection, developed by directly immobilizing bioreceptors onto the electrode surface, to optimize key properties such as sensitivity and operational lifespan, have been of interest. Herein, a polyaniline (PANI)-based aptasensor was fabricated for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in wastewater. Prior to the application of the aptasensor, the synthesis of PANI was confirmed using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Malvern Zeta sizer and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), whereby the conductive emeraldine salt of PANI was obtained. Additionally, RAMAN spectroscopy proved the attachment of PANI at the surface of GCE. The fabricated aptasensor demonstrated an exceptional performance, enabling real-time detection of ultra-low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, within a linear concentration range of 0–0.95 fM, with a sensitivity of 1.69 × 10− 4 µAfM− 1 and an LOD of 0.05 fM obtained using SWV. Consequently, the aptasensor showed feasibility in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in real spiked wastewater samples. These results highlight a remarkable sensitivity of the electrochemical aptasensor, positioning it as a powerful and reliable tool for ultrasensitive biosensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191694242
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Voltammetric polyaniline aptasensor for SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein biomarker.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Solid+State+Electrochemistry%22">Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p1205-1219. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SARS-CoV-2%22">SARS-CoV-2</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coronavirus+spike+protein%22">Coronavirus spike protein</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyanilines%22">Polyanilines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+wastes%22">Industrial wastes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrochemical+sensors%22">Electrochemical sensors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biosensors%22">Biosensors</searchLink>
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  Data: Conducting polymer (CP)-based electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection, developed by directly immobilizing bioreceptors onto the electrode surface, to optimize key properties such as sensitivity and operational lifespan, have been of interest. Herein, a polyaniline (PANI)-based aptasensor was fabricated for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in wastewater. Prior to the application of the aptasensor, the synthesis of PANI was confirmed using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Malvern Zeta sizer and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), whereby the conductive emeraldine salt of PANI was obtained. Additionally, RAMAN spectroscopy proved the attachment of PANI at the surface of GCE. The fabricated aptasensor demonstrated an exceptional performance, enabling real-time detection of ultra-low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, within a linear concentration range of 0–0.95 fM, with a sensitivity of 1.69 × 10− 4 µAfM− 1 and an LOD of 0.05 fM obtained using SWV. Consequently, the aptasensor showed feasibility in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in real spiked wastewater samples. These results highlight a remarkable sensitivity of the electrochemical aptasensor, positioning it as a powerful and reliable tool for ultrasensitive biosensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10008-025-06473-0
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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      – SubjectFull: Coronavirus spike protein
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      – SubjectFull: Polyanilines
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      – SubjectFull: Industrial wastes
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      – SubjectFull: Electrochemical sensors
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      – SubjectFull: Biosensors
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Voltammetric polyaniline aptasensor for SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein biomarker.
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              Text: Mar2026
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              Y: 2026
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