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Observations of strain localisations during pipe penetration into clay.

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Title: Observations of strain localisations during pipe penetration into clay.
Authors: Qi, Yumeng1 (AUTHOR) yumeng.qi@research.uwa.edu.au, Bransby, Mark Fraser1 (AUTHOR), O'Loughlin, Conleth D.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Géotechnique. 2026, Vol. 76 Issue 2, p320-333. 14p.
Subjects: Clay soils, Buried pipes (Engineering), Soil mechanics, Strain rate, Finite element method, Numerical analysis, Penetration mechanics
Abstract: Strain localisation widths in sand are known to be controlled by the particle size, such that their magnitude can be readily determined. However, there is less certainty on how to select appropriate widths for localisations in clays. This poses problems for numerical analyses involving strain softening, as the numerical results are dependent on the localisation width. This paper addresses this uncertainty through a combination of experiments that allowed localisations to be detected and their widths measured, and finite-element analyses in which the localisation width was controlled using the 'non-local' method. Both the numerical modelling and the experiments considered vertical penetration of a horizontal pipe into normally consolidated clay. Strain localisations in the experiments are seen to narrow with strain level, but also as penetration velocity decreases. This dependence on penetration velocity is interpreted as being due to contraction attributable to drainage from within the localisation, which also increases soil strength at the boundaries of the localisation, leading to further thinning to avoid mobilising the stronger soil. Although these aspects cannot be implemented in total stress (undrained) numerical analyses, the global response can be reproduced accurately, provided that the analyses employ a non-local approach to avoid periodicity in the resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Géotechnique is the property of Thomas Telford Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191762943
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Observations of strain localisations during pipe penetration into clay.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qi%2C+Yumeng%22">Qi, Yumeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yumeng.qi@research.uwa.edu.au</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bransby%2C+Mark+Fraser%22">Bransby, Mark Fraser</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22O'Loughlin%2C+Conleth+D%2E%22">O'Loughlin, Conleth D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Géotechnique%22">Géotechnique</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 76 Issue 2, p320-333. 14p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clay+soils%22">Clay soils</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Buried+pipes+%28Engineering%29%22">Buried pipes (Engineering)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+mechanics%22">Soil mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strain+rate%22">Strain rate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+analysis%22">Numerical analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Penetration+mechanics%22">Penetration mechanics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Strain localisation widths in sand are known to be controlled by the particle size, such that their magnitude can be readily determined. However, there is less certainty on how to select appropriate widths for localisations in clays. This poses problems for numerical analyses involving strain softening, as the numerical results are dependent on the localisation width. This paper addresses this uncertainty through a combination of experiments that allowed localisations to be detected and their widths measured, and finite-element analyses in which the localisation width was controlled using the 'non-local' method. Both the numerical modelling and the experiments considered vertical penetration of a horizontal pipe into normally consolidated clay. Strain localisations in the experiments are seen to narrow with strain level, but also as penetration velocity decreases. This dependence on penetration velocity is interpreted as being due to contraction attributable to drainage from within the localisation, which also increases soil strength at the boundaries of the localisation, leading to further thinning to avoid mobilising the stronger soil. Although these aspects cannot be implemented in total stress (undrained) numerical analyses, the global response can be reproduced accurately, provided that the analyses employ a non-local approach to avoid periodicity in the resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Géotechnique is the property of Thomas Telford Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1680/jgeot.24.01300
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 320
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Clay soils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Buried pipes (Engineering)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil mechanics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strain rate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Numerical analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Penetration mechanics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Observations of strain localisations during pipe penetration into clay.
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            NameFull: Qi, Yumeng
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            NameFull: Bransby, Mark Fraser
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            NameFull: O'Loughlin, Conleth D.
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 76
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