Porosity measurements of electrodes used in lead-acid batteries
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| Title: | Porosity measurements of electrodes used in lead-acid batteries |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Ferg, E.E. eferg@petech.ac.za, Loyson, P.1, Rust, N.1 |
| Source: | Journal of Power Sources. Mar2005, Vol. 141 Issue 2, p316-325. 10p. |
| Subjects: | Electric resistors, Osmosis, Porosity, Adsorption (Chemistry) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: A method is presented that determines the porosity of a complete electrode plate used in lead-acid batteries. It requires only elementary equipment and is simple to operate, so that laboratory workers can use it as a routine method during manufacturing to determine the complete electrode''s average porosity over a range of electrode sizes and types of both flat plate and tubular configuration. The method makes use of Archimedes’ principle and uses glycerol as displacement medium. This allows for the porosity determination of both cured and formed positive and negative electrodes, without the detrimental effect of lead oxidation, which is common when using water as a displacement medium. The study showed that the method of using glycerol as a displacement medium gave on average, good repeatable results for both cured and formed positive and negative electrode plates used in the manufacture of automotive lead-acid batteries. The porosity results of the method were compared to the results obtained using Hg porosimetry, where a statistical paired t-test showed the two techniques to produce comparable results for all types of plates analyzed. The porosity of various plates was compared to the surface area of the respective active material of both positive and negative electrodes. These results showed unusual trends in that, depending on the manufacturing conditions, the surface area of formed positive electrodes could vary significantly from sample to sample of different batches without little change in its respective porosity. The surface area of different formed negative electrodes, however, would only vary slightly with significant changes in their corresponding porosity. The glycerol displacement method was also shown to be suitable to determine the effective porosity of cured and formed positive tubular electrodes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] |
| Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 19180329 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Porosity measurements of electrodes used in lead-acid batteries – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferg%2C+E%2EE%2E%22">Ferg, E.E.</searchLink><i> eferg@petech.ac.za</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Loyson%2C+P%2E%22">Loyson, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rust%2C+N%2E%22">Rust, N.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Power+Sources%22">Journal of Power Sources</searchLink>. Mar2005, Vol. 141 Issue 2, p316-325. 10p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+resistors%22">Electric resistors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Osmosis%22">Osmosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Porosity%22">Porosity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adsorption+%28Chemistry%29%22">Adsorption (Chemistry)</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Abstract: A method is presented that determines the porosity of a complete electrode plate used in lead-acid batteries. It requires only elementary equipment and is simple to operate, so that laboratory workers can use it as a routine method during manufacturing to determine the complete electrode''s average porosity over a range of electrode sizes and types of both flat plate and tubular configuration. The method makes use of Archimedes’ principle and uses glycerol as displacement medium. This allows for the porosity determination of both cured and formed positive and negative electrodes, without the detrimental effect of lead oxidation, which is common when using water as a displacement medium. The study showed that the method of using glycerol as a displacement medium gave on average, good repeatable results for both cured and formed positive and negative electrode plates used in the manufacture of automotive lead-acid batteries. The porosity results of the method were compared to the results obtained using Hg porosimetry, where a statistical paired t-test showed the two techniques to produce comparable results for all types of plates analyzed. The porosity of various plates was compared to the surface area of the respective active material of both positive and negative electrodes. These results showed unusual trends in that, depending on the manufacturing conditions, the surface area of formed positive electrodes could vary significantly from sample to sample of different batches without little change in its respective porosity. The surface area of different formed negative electrodes, however, would only vary slightly with significant changes in their corresponding porosity. The glycerol displacement method was also shown to be suitable to determine the effective porosity of cured and formed positive tubular electrodes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.09.018 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 10 StartPage: 316 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Electric resistors Type: general – SubjectFull: Osmosis Type: general – SubjectFull: Porosity Type: general – SubjectFull: Adsorption (Chemistry) Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Porosity measurements of electrodes used in lead-acid batteries Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ferg, E.E. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Loyson, P. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rust, N. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2005 Type: published Y: 2005 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 03787753 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 141 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Power Sources Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
