View in EDS

Simulation of the refuelling process for an LH2-Powered commercial Aircraft: Part 2 - Refuelling time of the Airbus ZEROe turboprop concept.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Simulation of the refuelling process for an LH2-Powered commercial Aircraft: Part 2 - Refuelling time of the Airbus ZEROe turboprop concept.
Authors: ten Damme, L.1 (AUTHOR), van Put, M.2 (AUTHOR), Gangoli Rao, A.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Mar2026, Vol. 216, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Fueling, Turboprop airplanes, Airplanes, Liquid hydrogen, Low temperature engineering, Aircraft fuels, Airbus SAS
Abstract: Liquid hydrogen (LH 2) is gaining momentum as a sustainable aviation fuel, but its cryogenic nature poses significant challenges for ground operations, particularly aircraft refuelling. This process is increasingly recognised as a potential bottleneck for operational efficiency, as it can significantly extend turnaround times. Although some recent studies have proposed assumptions about LH 2 refuelling rates, their conclusions vary widely, and detailed modelling efforts remain limited. This paper presents the second part of a two-part study that aims to improve understanding of the LH 2 refuelling by delivering a validated numerical modelling framework and practical insights to support the design of future LH 2 -powered aircraft and their airport refuelling operations. Part 1 focused on developing and validating a thermodynamic model that captures key physical phenomena such as heat transfer and droplet dynamics. The model was validated against experimental data from the LH 2 no-vent filling tests to demonstrate its accuracy in predicting relevant physical processes. In Part 2, the validated model is applied to a representative case study based on the Airbus ZEROe Turboprop concept. The objective is to quantify the refuelling time and hydrogen venting under realistic conditions. The simulation results indicate a refuelling time of approximately 19 , min and ventilation losses of 36.7 , kg, corresponding to approximately 2. 2 % of the total transferred LH 2 mass. Although the duration of refuelling exceeds that of current kerosene-powered aircraft such as the Bombardier Q400, the overall turnaround time remains feasible if the LH 2 refuelling process is carried out in parallel with other ground operations, subject to safety protocols. These findings challenge simplified assumptions in the previous literature and provide physics-based insight to support the design of safe and efficient LH 2 fuelling procedures and infrastructure for future zero-emission aviation. [Display omitted] • A validated mathematical model is used to simulate the cryogenic refuelling process. • Refuelling time for Zero-E turboprop aircraft is around 19min, significantly longer than an equivalent kerosene aircraft. • The increased refuelling time might penalize aircraft turnaround time, however not significantly. • The venting loss of hydrogen during refuelling is estimated around 2.2 % of the total fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191815499
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Simulation of the refuelling process for an LH2-Powered commercial Aircraft: Part 2 - Refuelling time of the Airbus ZEROe turboprop concept.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22ten+Damme%2C+L%2E%22">ten Damme, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Put%2C+M%2E%22">van Put, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gangoli+Rao%2C+A%2E%22">Gangoli Rao, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy%22">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 216, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fueling%22">Fueling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turboprop+airplanes%22">Turboprop airplanes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Airplanes%22">Airplanes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Liquid+hydrogen%22">Liquid hydrogen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Low+temperature+engineering%22">Low temperature engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aircraft+fuels%22">Aircraft fuels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Airbus+SAS%22">Airbus SAS</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Liquid hydrogen (LH 2) is gaining momentum as a sustainable aviation fuel, but its cryogenic nature poses significant challenges for ground operations, particularly aircraft refuelling. This process is increasingly recognised as a potential bottleneck for operational efficiency, as it can significantly extend turnaround times. Although some recent studies have proposed assumptions about LH 2 refuelling rates, their conclusions vary widely, and detailed modelling efforts remain limited. This paper presents the second part of a two-part study that aims to improve understanding of the LH 2 refuelling by delivering a validated numerical modelling framework and practical insights to support the design of future LH 2 -powered aircraft and their airport refuelling operations. Part 1 focused on developing and validating a thermodynamic model that captures key physical phenomena such as heat transfer and droplet dynamics. The model was validated against experimental data from the LH 2 no-vent filling tests to demonstrate its accuracy in predicting relevant physical processes. In Part 2, the validated model is applied to a representative case study based on the Airbus ZEROe Turboprop concept. The objective is to quantify the refuelling time and hydrogen venting under realistic conditions. The simulation results indicate a refuelling time of approximately 19 , min and ventilation losses of 36.7 , kg, corresponding to approximately 2. 2 % of the total transferred LH 2 mass. Although the duration of refuelling exceeds that of current kerosene-powered aircraft such as the Bombardier Q400, the overall turnaround time remains feasible if the LH 2 refuelling process is carried out in parallel with other ground operations, subject to safety protocols. These findings challenge simplified assumptions in the previous literature and provide physics-based insight to support the design of safe and efficient LH 2 fuelling procedures and infrastructure for future zero-emission aviation. [Display omitted] • A validated mathematical model is used to simulate the cryogenic refuelling process. • Refuelling time for Zero-E turboprop aircraft is around 19min, significantly longer than an equivalent kerosene aircraft. • The increased refuelling time might penalize aircraft turnaround time, however not significantly. • The venting loss of hydrogen during refuelling is estimated around 2.2 % of the total fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=191815499
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153582
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fueling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turboprop airplanes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Airplanes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Liquid hydrogen
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Low temperature engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aircraft fuels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Airbus SAS
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Simulation of the refuelling process for an LH2-Powered commercial Aircraft: Part 2 - Refuelling time of the Airbus ZEROe turboprop concept.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: ten Damme, L.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: van Put, M.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Gangoli Rao, A.
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 11
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 03603199
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 216
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
              Type: main
ResultId 1