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Microscopic and macroscopic investigations on He bubble formation in W via in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry.

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Title: Microscopic and macroscopic investigations on He bubble formation in W via in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry.
Authors: Pappalardo, F1 (AUTHOR) federica.pappalardo@cea.fr, Frikha, E2 (AUTHOR), Mougenot, J2 (AUTHOR), Swinburne, T3 (AUTHOR), Cartry, G1 (AUTHOR), Martin, C1 (AUTHOR), Campos, A4 (AUTHOR), Neisius, T4 (AUTHOR), Bisson, R1 (AUTHOR), Minissale, M1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2026, Vol. 59 Issue 8, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Ellipsometry, Bubble dynamics, Fusion reactors, Tungsten, Porosity, Surface roughness, Helium plasmas
Abstract: In future fusion reactors, a significant flux of helium (He) ions will impinge on plasma-facing components, tungsten (W) being the current preferred material, inducing near-surface microstructure evolution. In this study, the near-surface evolution of W upon He plasma irradiation is followed using a non-contact optical diagnostic method, namely in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. We exposed W to high-fluence ( ≃ 5 × 10 23 He + m − 2 ), low-energy ( ≃ 80 eV) He ions at high temperatures (in the range 600–1000 K), which leads to the formation of He bubbles in the near-surface layer ( ≃ approximately the first 50 nm). In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry is exploited to measure the optical response of W (namely, reflectivity variation) during He plasma irradiation, varying different parameters such as the temperature and the initial W surface state. We used a time-dependent effective medium approximation model to simulate the porous He bubble layer and the Bennet–Porteus model to take into account He irradiation-induced roughness in order to extract the temporal evolution of significant physical quantities, such as the He bubble volume fraction across the layer (i.e. porosity) and the surface roughness. We compared and validated the in situ optical model with ex situ microscopy characterizations (direct measurements of the average size of He bubbles and of surface roughness). Finally, we estimated the kinetics of He bubble formation with cluster dynamics simulations (FEniCSx). We found that the increase of porosity and roughness with temperature and their temporal evolution behaves like a power law; this was partially confirmed by the FEniCSx simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191817492
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  Data: Microscopic and macroscopic investigations on He bubble formation in W via in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pappalardo%2C+F%22">Pappalardo, F</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> federica.pappalardo@cea.fr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Frikha%2C+E%22">Frikha, E</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mougenot%2C+J%22">Mougenot, J</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Swinburne%2C+T%22">Swinburne, T</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cartry%2C+G%22">Cartry, G</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martin%2C+C%22">Martin, C</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Campos%2C+A%22">Campos, A</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neisius%2C+T%22">Neisius, T</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bisson%2C+R%22">Bisson, R</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Minissale%2C+M%22">Minissale, M</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Physics+D%3A+Applied+Physics%22">Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 59 Issue 8, p1-13. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ellipsometry%22">Ellipsometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bubble+dynamics%22">Bubble dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fusion+reactors%22">Fusion reactors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tungsten%22">Tungsten</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Porosity%22">Porosity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+roughness%22">Surface roughness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Helium+plasmas%22">Helium plasmas</searchLink>
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  Data: In future fusion reactors, a significant flux of helium (He) ions will impinge on plasma-facing components, tungsten (W) being the current preferred material, inducing near-surface microstructure evolution. In this study, the near-surface evolution of W upon He plasma irradiation is followed using a non-contact optical diagnostic method, namely in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. We exposed W to high-fluence ( ≃ 5 × 10 23 He + m − 2 ), low-energy ( ≃ 80 eV) He ions at high temperatures (in the range 600–1000 K), which leads to the formation of He bubbles in the near-surface layer ( ≃ approximately the first 50 nm). In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry is exploited to measure the optical response of W (namely, reflectivity variation) during He plasma irradiation, varying different parameters such as the temperature and the initial W surface state. We used a time-dependent effective medium approximation model to simulate the porous He bubble layer and the Bennet–Porteus model to take into account He irradiation-induced roughness in order to extract the temporal evolution of significant physical quantities, such as the He bubble volume fraction across the layer (i.e. porosity) and the surface roughness. We compared and validated the in situ optical model with ex situ microscopy characterizations (direct measurements of the average size of He bubbles and of surface roughness). Finally, we estimated the kinetics of He bubble formation with cluster dynamics simulations (FEniCSx). We found that the increase of porosity and roughness with temperature and their temporal evolution behaves like a power law; this was partially confirmed by the FEniCSx simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1088/1361-6463/ae44a6
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ellipsometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bubble dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fusion reactors
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      – SubjectFull: Tungsten
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      – SubjectFull: Porosity
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      – SubjectFull: Surface roughness
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      – SubjectFull: Helium plasmas
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              Text: 2026
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