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Review: solvent systems in electrospinning—polymer compatibility, toxicological risks, and environmental considerations.

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Title: Review: solvent systems in electrospinning—polymer compatibility, toxicological risks, and environmental considerations.
Authors: Pan, Cheng-Tang1,2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Ghosh, Shreetama5 (AUTHOR) shreetama19990210@gmail.com, Wu, Chang-Mou6 (AUTHOR), Shiue, Yow-Ling2,5 (AUTHOR), Rahim, Muhammad Sadiq5 (AUTHOR) sadiqrahimbio@gmail.com
Source: Journal of Materials Science. Mar2026, Vol. 61 Issue 11, p7390-7417. 28p.
Subjects: Solvents, Environmental risk assessment, Nonaqueous solvents, Nanofibers, Polymer solutions, Biomedical engineering, Electrospinning, Poisons
Abstract: Electrospinning is a powerful method for creating micro- and nanofibres used in fields such as biomedical engineering, filtration, and energy storage. A key factor in successful electrospinning is the choice of solvent, which affects how well the polymer dissolves, the properties of the solution, the fibre quality, and the overall efficiency of the process. However, commonly used solvents like tetrahydrofuran (THF) and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) pose serious health and environmental risks due to their toxicity and volatility. This review examines the influence of solvent properties, including volatility, surface tension, viscosity, and dielectric constant, on fibre formation and process stability. It covers different types of solvent systems, including single, binary, and green solvents, that analyse polymer–solvent compatibility using tools such as Hansen solubility parameters, with examples from both synthetic (PCL, PLA) and natural polymers (chitosan, silk fibroin). This review also discusses the toxicological impact and regulatory concerns of widely used solvents, especially for biomedical use (wound healing). It emphasises the need for environmentally friendly alternatives, such as water, ethanol, acetic acid, and ionic liquids. On the contrary, it suggests strategies for designing safer solvents, highlights case studies, and points towards future research needs like solubility databases, predictive modelling and scalable green electrospinning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191838995
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Review: solvent systems in electrospinning—polymer compatibility, toxicological risks, and environmental considerations.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pan%2C+Cheng-Tang%22">Pan, Cheng-Tang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ghosh%2C+Shreetama%22">Ghosh, Shreetama</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shreetama19990210@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Chang-Mou%22">Wu, Chang-Mou</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shiue%2C+Yow-Ling%22">Shiue, Yow-Ling</searchLink><relatesTo>2,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rahim%2C+Muhammad+Sadiq%22">Rahim, Muhammad Sadiq</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sadiqrahimbio@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Materials+Science%22">Journal of Materials Science</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 61 Issue 11, p7390-7417. 28p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solvents%22">Solvents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+risk+assessment%22">Environmental risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonaqueous+solvents%22">Nonaqueous solvents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofibers%22">Nanofibers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymer+solutions%22">Polymer solutions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomedical+engineering%22">Biomedical engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrospinning%22">Electrospinning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poisons%22">Poisons</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Electrospinning is a powerful method for creating micro- and nanofibres used in fields such as biomedical engineering, filtration, and energy storage. A key factor in successful electrospinning is the choice of solvent, which affects how well the polymer dissolves, the properties of the solution, the fibre quality, and the overall efficiency of the process. However, commonly used solvents like tetrahydrofuran (THF) and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) pose serious health and environmental risks due to their toxicity and volatility. This review examines the influence of solvent properties, including volatility, surface tension, viscosity, and dielectric constant, on fibre formation and process stability. It covers different types of solvent systems, including single, binary, and green solvents, that analyse polymer–solvent compatibility using tools such as Hansen solubility parameters, with examples from both synthetic (PCL, PLA) and natural polymers (chitosan, silk fibroin). This review also discusses the toxicological impact and regulatory concerns of widely used solvents, especially for biomedical use (wound healing). It emphasises the need for environmentally friendly alternatives, such as water, ethanol, acetic acid, and ionic liquids. On the contrary, it suggests strategies for designing safer solvents, highlights case studies, and points towards future research needs like solubility databases, predictive modelling and scalable green electrospinning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10853-026-12302-0
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 28
        StartPage: 7390
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Solvents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonaqueous solvents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanofibers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polymer solutions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomedical engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrospinning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poisons
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Review: solvent systems in electrospinning—polymer compatibility, toxicological risks, and environmental considerations.
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            NameFull: Pan, Cheng-Tang
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            NameFull: Ghosh, Shreetama
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            NameFull: Wu, Chang-Mou
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            NameFull: Shiue, Yow-Ling
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            NameFull: Rahim, Muhammad Sadiq
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              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 61
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