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Strategies for Enhancing Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement—A Short Review.

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Title: Strategies for Enhancing Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement—A Short Review.
Authors: Zhang, Ye1 (AUTHOR), He, Jingwei1 (AUTHOR) msjwhe@scut.edu.cn
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p653. 22p.
Subjects: Dental glass ionomer cements, Filler materials, Polycarboxylic acids, Tensile strength, Sodium fluoride, Strengthening mechanisms in solids, Dental materials
Abstract: Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a reaction product formulated from glass powders and polycarboxylic acid aqueous solution. This material has garnered significant attention in restorative dentistry due to its favorable properties, including chemical adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatibility, and sustained fluoride release, coupled with its minimal pulp irritation. However, its low mechanical strength, high brittleness, and susceptibility to cracking limit its use in stress-bearing areas of teeth. To expand the clinical application scope of GIC and develop an "ideal" dental restorative material, enhancing traditional GIC is necessary. This narrative review summarizes the main strategies for enhancing GIC, covering modifications to both the powder and liquid components. The key findings indicate that incorporating reinforcing fillers into the powder or modifying the polyacid chemistry can significantly improve mechanical properties such as compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. Additionally, some modifications help maintain or enhance fluoride release. However, the translation of many laboratory-based improvements to clinical practice requires further validation. In conclusion, while numerous promising enhancement routes exist, future development should focus on synergistic approaches and rigorous clinical evaluation to advance towards high-performance, durable restorative materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Strategies for Enhancing Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement—A Short Review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Ye%22">Zhang, Ye</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Jingwei%22">He, Jingwei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> msjwhe@scut.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p653. 22p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+glass+ionomer+cements%22">Dental glass ionomer cements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Filler+materials%22">Filler materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polycarboxylic+acids%22">Polycarboxylic acids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tensile+strength%22">Tensile strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sodium+fluoride%22">Sodium fluoride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strengthening+mechanisms+in+solids%22">Strengthening mechanisms in solids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+materials%22">Dental materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a reaction product formulated from glass powders and polycarboxylic acid aqueous solution. This material has garnered significant attention in restorative dentistry due to its favorable properties, including chemical adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatibility, and sustained fluoride release, coupled with its minimal pulp irritation. However, its low mechanical strength, high brittleness, and susceptibility to cracking limit its use in stress-bearing areas of teeth. To expand the clinical application scope of GIC and develop an "ideal" dental restorative material, enhancing traditional GIC is necessary. This narrative review summarizes the main strategies for enhancing GIC, covering modifications to both the powder and liquid components. The key findings indicate that incorporating reinforcing fillers into the powder or modifying the polyacid chemistry can significantly improve mechanical properties such as compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. Additionally, some modifications help maintain or enhance fluoride release. However, the translation of many laboratory-based improvements to clinical practice requires further validation. In conclusion, while numerous promising enhancement routes exist, future development should focus on synergistic approaches and rigorous clinical evaluation to advance towards high-performance, durable restorative materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19040653
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Filler materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polycarboxylic acids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tensile strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sodium fluoride
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strengthening mechanisms in solids
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      – SubjectFull: Dental materials
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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