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Assessment of Creep Reduction Factors of High-Density Polyethylene Geogrids Using Conventional and Stepped Isothermal Methods.

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Title: Assessment of Creep Reduction Factors of High-Density Polyethylene Geogrids Using Conventional and Stepped Isothermal Methods.
Authors: Cho, Hang-Won1,2 (AUTHOR) hwcho@fiti.re.kr, Kim, Kap-Jin1,2 (AUTHOR), Wrigley, Nigel Edwin3 (AUTHOR), Koo, Hyun-Jin1,2 (AUTHOR) koohh@fitiglobal.com, Choi, Suk-Won1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p714. 13p.
Subjects: Geogrids, High density polyethylene, Viscoelasticity, Materials testing, Strains & stresses (Mechanics), Isothermal processes, Reinforced soils, Durability
Abstract: The long-term creep performance of geosynthetics is crucial for the safe design of reinforced-soil structures. Previous studies have not sufficiently clarified the long-term creep behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrids or the influence of different failure criteria. Therefore, further research is needed to validate creep reduction factors' (RFCR) estimation and the applicability of the stepped isothermal method (SIM). In this study, the creep behavior of HDPE geogrids was examined using both conventional creep tests and SIM, conducted in accordance with ISO 13431 and ASTM D6992. Master curves were generated under load levels representing 40–60% of the ultimate tensile strength. The SIM results matched with the conventional tests in the early stage but exhibited higher creep strains beyond 1000 h, primarily due to the thermal sensitivity of HDPE. RFCR values were determined using two design criteria, namely, 20% creep strain and creep rupture. For a 100-year design life, the RFCR values based on a 20% creep strain were determined to be 3.04 and 2.43 based on the combined data and block-shift analysis, respectively, whereas the rupture criterion yielded a lower value of 2.30. These findings demonstrate that the 20% strain limit provides a more conservative and reliable criterion for estimating the long-term design strength. This study confirms the applicability of SIM for accelerated creep evaluation and provides practical guidance for the selection of RFCR values in reinforced-soil design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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An: 191972855
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  Data: Assessment of Creep Reduction Factors of High-Density Polyethylene Geogrids Using Conventional and Stepped Isothermal Methods.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p714. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geogrids%22">Geogrids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+density+polyethylene%22">High density polyethylene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Viscoelasticity%22">Viscoelasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Materials+testing%22">Materials testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strains+%26+stresses+%28Mechanics%29%22">Strains & stresses (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Isothermal+processes%22">Isothermal processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reinforced+soils%22">Reinforced soils</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Durability%22">Durability</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The long-term creep performance of geosynthetics is crucial for the safe design of reinforced-soil structures. Previous studies have not sufficiently clarified the long-term creep behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrids or the influence of different failure criteria. Therefore, further research is needed to validate creep reduction factors' (RFCR) estimation and the applicability of the stepped isothermal method (SIM). In this study, the creep behavior of HDPE geogrids was examined using both conventional creep tests and SIM, conducted in accordance with ISO 13431 and ASTM D6992. Master curves were generated under load levels representing 40–60% of the ultimate tensile strength. The SIM results matched with the conventional tests in the early stage but exhibited higher creep strains beyond 1000 h, primarily due to the thermal sensitivity of HDPE. RFCR values were determined using two design criteria, namely, 20% creep strain and creep rupture. For a 100-year design life, the RFCR values based on a 20% creep strain were determined to be 3.04 and 2.43 based on the combined data and block-shift analysis, respectively, whereas the rupture criterion yielded a lower value of 2.30. These findings demonstrate that the 20% strain limit provides a more conservative and reliable criterion for estimating the long-term design strength. This study confirms the applicability of SIM for accelerated creep evaluation and provides practical guidance for the selection of RFCR values in reinforced-soil design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19040714
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 714
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      – SubjectFull: Geogrids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High density polyethylene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Viscoelasticity
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      – SubjectFull: Materials testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Isothermal processes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reinforced soils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Durability
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Assessment of Creep Reduction Factors of High-Density Polyethylene Geogrids Using Conventional and Stepped Isothermal Methods.
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            NameFull: Cho, Hang-Won
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            NameFull: Kim, Kap-Jin
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            NameFull: Wrigley, Nigel Edwin
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            NameFull: Koo, Hyun-Jin
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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