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Spectroscopic Properties of Tb 3+ Ions in TbF 3 -Doped CaF 2 Crystals.

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Title: Spectroscopic Properties of Tb 3+ Ions in TbF 3 -Doped CaF 2 Crystals.
Authors: Bodea, Irinuca1 (AUTHOR), Stef, Marius1,2 (AUTHOR) marius.stef@e-uvt.ro, Schornig, Carla1 (AUTHOR), Buse, Gabriel2 (AUTHOR), Veber, Philippe1 (AUTHOR), Vizman, Daniel1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p801. 20p.
Subjects: Calcium fluoride, Quantum efficiency, Fluorescence, Radiative transitions, Optical properties, Rare earth metals, Optical devices
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? Tb3+-doped CaF2 crystals exhibit intense and stable green emission dominated by the 5D4 → 7F5 transition. Judd–Ofelt analysis provides radiative parameters of Tb3+-doped CaF2 crystal. The measured quantum efficiency increases from 31.4% (1 mol%) to 71.2% (5 mol%) and 73.9% (10 mol%). What are the implications of the main findings? Efficient green emission is achieved at moderate–high Tb3+ concentrations without strong quenching. Cross-relaxation (5D3 → 5D4) enables effective population of the 5D4 emitting level. CaF2:Tb3+ combines millisecond lifetimes (~4.4–6.7 ms) with high QE, suitable for photonic applications. Tb3+-doped CaF2 single crystals are attractive materials for green photonic applications due to their low phonon energy, high optical transparency, and efficient Tb3+ emission. In this work, CaF2 single crystals doped with different TbF3 concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mol%) were grown and systematically investigated in order to clarify the concentration-dependent spectroscopic behavior of Tb3+ ions in a fluorite host. Optical absorption spectroscopy, Judd–Ofelt analysis, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence, colorimetric evaluation, and emission cross-section and gain calculations were employed. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters typical of fluoride hosts were obtained, enabling the calculation of radiative transition probabilities and lifetimes. The emission spectra are dominated by intense green luminescence from the 5D4 → 7F5 transition, while the absence of 5D3 emission is attributed to efficient cross-relaxation processes. Fluorescence lifetimes in the millisecond range show slight changes with Tb3+ concentration. Quantum efficiency increases from low to intermediate concentrations and tends to saturate at higher doping levels. CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates confirm stable green emission, while emission cross-sections and gain parameters reveal a highest value for orange emission of 10 mol% TbF3-doped CaF2 crystal. These results indicate that CaF2:Tb3+ single crystals are promising materials for photonic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Spectroscopic Properties of Tb 3+ Ions in TbF 3 -Doped CaF 2 Crystals.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bodea%2C+Irinuca%22">Bodea, Irinuca</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stef%2C+Marius%22">Stef, Marius</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> marius.stef@e-uvt.ro</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schornig%2C+Carla%22">Schornig, Carla</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Buse%2C+Gabriel%22">Buse, Gabriel</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Veber%2C+Philippe%22">Veber, Philippe</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vizman%2C+Daniel%22">Vizman, Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p801. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+fluoride%22">Calcium fluoride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+efficiency%22">Quantum efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluorescence%22">Fluorescence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiative+transitions%22">Radiative transitions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+properties%22">Optical properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rare+earth+metals%22">Rare earth metals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+devices%22">Optical devices</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? Tb3+-doped CaF2 crystals exhibit intense and stable green emission dominated by the 5D4 → 7F5 transition. Judd–Ofelt analysis provides radiative parameters of Tb3+-doped CaF2 crystal. The measured quantum efficiency increases from 31.4% (1 mol%) to 71.2% (5 mol%) and 73.9% (10 mol%). What are the implications of the main findings? Efficient green emission is achieved at moderate–high Tb3+ concentrations without strong quenching. Cross-relaxation (5D3 → 5D4) enables effective population of the 5D4 emitting level. CaF2:Tb3+ combines millisecond lifetimes (~4.4–6.7 ms) with high QE, suitable for photonic applications. Tb3+-doped CaF2 single crystals are attractive materials for green photonic applications due to their low phonon energy, high optical transparency, and efficient Tb3+ emission. In this work, CaF2 single crystals doped with different TbF3 concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mol%) were grown and systematically investigated in order to clarify the concentration-dependent spectroscopic behavior of Tb3+ ions in a fluorite host. Optical absorption spectroscopy, Judd–Ofelt analysis, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence, colorimetric evaluation, and emission cross-section and gain calculations were employed. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters typical of fluoride hosts were obtained, enabling the calculation of radiative transition probabilities and lifetimes. The emission spectra are dominated by intense green luminescence from the 5D4 → 7F5 transition, while the absence of 5D3 emission is attributed to efficient cross-relaxation processes. Fluorescence lifetimes in the millisecond range show slight changes with Tb3+ concentration. Quantum efficiency increases from low to intermediate concentrations and tends to saturate at higher doping levels. CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates confirm stable green emission, while emission cross-sections and gain parameters reveal a highest value for orange emission of 10 mol% TbF3-doped CaF2 crystal. These results indicate that CaF2:Tb3+ single crystals are promising materials for photonic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19040801
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 801
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Calcium fluoride
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quantum efficiency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluorescence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radiative transitions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical properties
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rare earth metals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical devices
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Spectroscopic Properties of Tb 3+ Ions in TbF 3 -Doped CaF 2 Crystals.
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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