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Heat transfer enhancement of radiator: a numerical and experimental study of tube orientation effects and nanofluids.

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Title: Heat transfer enhancement of radiator: a numerical and experimental study of tube orientation effects and nanofluids.
Authors: Gupta, Ram Mohan1,2 (AUTHOR), Painuly, Ayush3,4 (AUTHOR), Zainith, Prabhakar1,5 (AUTHOR), Mishra, Niraj Kumar1 (AUTHOR) nkm@nituk.ac.in, Yadav, Vinod Singh1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry. Feb2026, Vol. 151 Issue 3, p2701-2714. 14p.
Subjects: Radiators, Nanofluids, Empirical research, Numerical analysis, Thermal conductivity, Heat transfer
Abstract: The manuscript confines thermal performance of the radiator while it is associated with various orientations of its tubes. The research was executed by systematically altering the orientations of the radiator tubes. Existing literature review revealed that heat transfer rate for tube orientations has been inadequately explored. In this manuscript, dual-axis tube orientation was examined using nanofluid as a coolant. This study elucidated that radiator thermal performance factor was enhanced by modifying the degrees of orientation. The analytical model employed in this investigation was meticulously designed to reflect the actual dimensions of a standard car radiator. For analytical analysis base fluid of EG was supplemented with 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% concentrations of Al2O3 nanofluid. Throughout the numerical analysis, it was discerned that optimal heat transfer was achieved at a tube inclination of 23 degrees. For experimental analysis, nanofluid with identical concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% was also utilized and prepared for assessment of the tubes. The empirical investigation encompassed both straight tubes and those inclined at 23 degrees, which demonstrated maximal heat transfer in the preceding numerical analysis. The findings indicate vent water coolant temperature experienced a reduction of 3 °C compared to the straight tube configuration. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated a decrease of 3.5 degrees in vent coolant temperature when employing a 1% concentration of the nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191978970
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Heat transfer enhancement of radiator: a numerical and experimental study of tube orientation effects and nanofluids.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gupta%2C+Ram+Mohan%22">Gupta, Ram Mohan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Painuly%2C+Ayush%22">Painuly, Ayush</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zainith%2C+Prabhakar%22">Zainith, Prabhakar</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mishra%2C+Niraj+Kumar%22">Mishra, Niraj Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nkm@nituk.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yadav%2C+Vinod+Singh%22">Yadav, Vinod Singh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Thermal+Analysis+%26+Calorimetry%22">Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 151 Issue 3, p2701-2714. 14p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiators%22">Radiators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofluids%22">Nanofluids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Empirical+research%22">Empirical research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+analysis%22">Numerical analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+conductivity%22">Thermal conductivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+transfer%22">Heat transfer</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The manuscript confines thermal performance of the radiator while it is associated with various orientations of its tubes. The research was executed by systematically altering the orientations of the radiator tubes. Existing literature review revealed that heat transfer rate for tube orientations has been inadequately explored. In this manuscript, dual-axis tube orientation was examined using nanofluid as a coolant. This study elucidated that radiator thermal performance factor was enhanced by modifying the degrees of orientation. The analytical model employed in this investigation was meticulously designed to reflect the actual dimensions of a standard car radiator. For analytical analysis base fluid of EG was supplemented with 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% concentrations of Al2O3 nanofluid. Throughout the numerical analysis, it was discerned that optimal heat transfer was achieved at a tube inclination of 23 degrees. For experimental analysis, nanofluid with identical concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% was also utilized and prepared for assessment of the tubes. The empirical investigation encompassed both straight tubes and those inclined at 23 degrees, which demonstrated maximal heat transfer in the preceding numerical analysis. The findings indicate vent water coolant temperature experienced a reduction of 3 °C compared to the straight tube configuration. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated a decrease of 3.5 degrees in vent coolant temperature when employing a 1% concentration of the nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1007/s10973-025-15277-3
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 2701
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      – SubjectFull: Radiators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanofluids
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      – SubjectFull: Empirical research
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      – SubjectFull: Numerical analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal conductivity
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      – SubjectFull: Heat transfer
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Heat transfer enhancement of radiator: a numerical and experimental study of tube orientation effects and nanofluids.
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            NameFull: Gupta, Ram Mohan
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            NameFull: Mishra, Niraj Kumar
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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