Working fluid screening for ORC-based Carnot batteries by deterministic global optimization of design and nominal operation.
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| Title: | Working fluid screening for ORC-based Carnot batteries by deterministic global optimization of design and nominal operation. |
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| Authors: | Lüthje, Jannik T.1 (AUTHOR), Langiu, Marco1 (AUTHOR), Mitsos, Alexander1,2,3 (AUTHOR) amitsos@alum.mit.edu |
| Source: | Optimization & Engineering. Mar2026, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p587-616. 30p. |
| Subjects: | Working fluids, Global optimization, Heat storage, Environmental impact analysis, Energy storage, Reduced-order models |
| Abstract: | The rising temporal mismatch between energy supply and demand increases the need for large-scale energy storage. Carnot batteries offer a location-independent energy storage option and rely on readily available components. However, the low round-trip efficiency is an issue. Also, Carnot batteries have many degrees of freedom, making their optimal design and operation challenging. Additionally, the process is highly dependent on the working fluids used for the charging and discharging process. We optimize the Carnot battery design and nominal operation, including the working fluid selection. We perform deterministic global optimization to maximize the round-trip efficiency. Extending our previous work, we formulate a hybrid mechanistic/data-driven model in reduced space. We propose a model formulation for the thermal energy storage that is tailored to our problem and demonstrate that it results in substantial computational savings. We also extend our previously used surrogate model training procedure, by choosing surrogate models based on their relaxation tightness, strongly improving worst-case computational performance. These model improvements allow us to screen working fluids for the charging and discharging process by enumeration, globally optimizing each flowsheet with MAiNGO v0.7.2. Optimal round-trip efficiencies vary between 30% and 60% and are typically found in the root node (multistart) but for some cases during branch-and-bound. However, the top working fluid combinations include fluids with a strong environmental impact, indicating the need to include environmental objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Optimization & Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 191979001 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Working fluid screening for ORC-based Carnot batteries by deterministic global optimization of design and nominal operation. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lüthje%2C+Jannik+T%2E%22">Lüthje, Jannik T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Langiu%2C+Marco%22">Langiu, Marco</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mitsos%2C+Alexander%22">Mitsos, Alexander</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> amitsos@alum.mit.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Optimization+%26+Engineering%22">Optimization & Engineering</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p587-616. 30p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Working+fluids%22">Working fluids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+optimization%22">Global optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+storage%22">Heat storage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+impact+analysis%22">Environmental impact analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reduced-order+models%22">Reduced-order models</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The rising temporal mismatch between energy supply and demand increases the need for large-scale energy storage. Carnot batteries offer a location-independent energy storage option and rely on readily available components. However, the low round-trip efficiency is an issue. Also, Carnot batteries have many degrees of freedom, making their optimal design and operation challenging. Additionally, the process is highly dependent on the working fluids used for the charging and discharging process. We optimize the Carnot battery design and nominal operation, including the working fluid selection. We perform deterministic global optimization to maximize the round-trip efficiency. Extending our previous work, we formulate a hybrid mechanistic/data-driven model in reduced space. We propose a model formulation for the thermal energy storage that is tailored to our problem and demonstrate that it results in substantial computational savings. We also extend our previously used surrogate model training procedure, by choosing surrogate models based on their relaxation tightness, strongly improving worst-case computational performance. These model improvements allow us to screen working fluids for the charging and discharging process by enumeration, globally optimizing each flowsheet with MAiNGO v0.7.2. Optimal round-trip efficiencies vary between 30% and 60% and are typically found in the root node (multistart) but for some cases during branch-and-bound. However, the top working fluid combinations include fluids with a strong environmental impact, indicating the need to include environmental objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Optimization & Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11081-025-10026-9 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 30 StartPage: 587 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Working fluids Type: general – SubjectFull: Global optimization Type: general – SubjectFull: Heat storage Type: general – SubjectFull: Environmental impact analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Energy storage Type: general – SubjectFull: Reduced-order models Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Working fluid screening for ORC-based Carnot batteries by deterministic global optimization of design and nominal operation. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lüthje, Jannik T. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Langiu, Marco – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mitsos, Alexander IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 13894420 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 27 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Optimization & Engineering Type: main |
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