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Single-snapshot complex approximate message passing method for active sonar imaging in shallow water.

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Title: Single-snapshot complex approximate message passing method for active sonar imaging in shallow water.
Authors: Zeng, Fanchang1,2 (AUTHOR), Xu, Lingji1,2 (AUTHOR) xulj26@mail.sysu.edu.cn, Li, Zhixi1,2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Jie3,4 (AUTHOR), Liu, Wei5 (AUTHOR), Li, Zhenglin1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Feb2026, Vol. 159 Issue 2, p1247-1262. 16p.
Subjects: Sonar imaging, Beamforming, Interference suppression, Shallow water acoustics, Optimization algorithms, High resolution imaging, Signal processing
Abstract: Active sonar imaging techniques are essential for underwater target detection and tracking, particularly in the complex acoustic environments of shallow water. One of the major obstacles in these scenarios is reverberation from the seafloor and the sea surface, which can significantly degrade image quality. A core objective in active sonar imaging is applying beamforming techniques to achieve a narrow mainlobe and low sidelobe levels. Although conventional beamforming (CBF) is widely adopted for its simplicity and robustness, it faces intrinsic performance limitations. This study reformulates the beamforming process as a single-snapshot complex-valued least absolute shrinkage and selection operator problem. To address this problem, the complex approximate message passing (CAMP) algorithm is proposed. CAMP enhances computational efficiency by avoiding matrix inversion and improves convergence speed by using the Onsager correction term. Experimental validation in an anechoic pool demonstrates that the proposed method achieves significant imaging performance compared to the CBF method. Additionally, the anechoic pool setup is leveraged to optimize the threshold parameter in the CAMP algorithm. Further validation of a monostatic configuration through lake trials confirms that the proposed method significantly suppresses sidelobe levels and improves image resolution, resulting in cleaner sonar images and improved suppression of background interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191986383
AccessLevel: 6
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Single-snapshot complex approximate message passing method for active sonar imaging in shallow water.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zeng%2C+Fanchang%22">Zeng, Fanchang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Lingji%22">Xu, Lingji</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xulj26@mail.sysu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zhixi%22">Li, Zhixi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Jie%22">Chen, Jie</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Wei%22">Liu, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zhenglin%22">Li, Zhenglin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America%22">Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 159 Issue 2, p1247-1262. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sonar+imaging%22">Sonar imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Beamforming%22">Beamforming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interference+suppression%22">Interference suppression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shallow+water+acoustics%22">Shallow water acoustics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optimization+algorithms%22">Optimization algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+resolution+imaging%22">High resolution imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+processing%22">Signal processing</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Active sonar imaging techniques are essential for underwater target detection and tracking, particularly in the complex acoustic environments of shallow water. One of the major obstacles in these scenarios is reverberation from the seafloor and the sea surface, which can significantly degrade image quality. A core objective in active sonar imaging is applying beamforming techniques to achieve a narrow mainlobe and low sidelobe levels. Although conventional beamforming (CBF) is widely adopted for its simplicity and robustness, it faces intrinsic performance limitations. This study reformulates the beamforming process as a single-snapshot complex-valued least absolute shrinkage and selection operator problem. To address this problem, the complex approximate message passing (CAMP) algorithm is proposed. CAMP enhances computational efficiency by avoiding matrix inversion and improves convergence speed by using the Onsager correction term. Experimental validation in an anechoic pool demonstrates that the proposed method achieves significant imaging performance compared to the CBF method. Additionally, the anechoic pool setup is leveraged to optimize the threshold parameter in the CAMP algorithm. Further validation of a monostatic configuration through lake trials confirms that the proposed method significantly suppresses sidelobe levels and improves image resolution, resulting in cleaner sonar images and improved suppression of background interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1121/10.0042406
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1247
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Sonar imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Beamforming
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interference suppression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shallow water acoustics
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      – SubjectFull: Optimization algorithms
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      – SubjectFull: High resolution imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Signal processing
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Single-snapshot complex approximate message passing method for active sonar imaging in shallow water.
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            NameFull: Zeng, Fanchang
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            NameFull: Xu, Lingji
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            NameFull: Li, Zhixi
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            NameFull: Chen, Jie
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            NameFull: Liu, Wei
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 159
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