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Graphene–Polyimide Flexible Electronic Platform Enabling Ultra‐Broadband High‐Gain THz MIMO Systems.

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Title: Graphene–Polyimide Flexible Electronic Platform Enabling Ultra‐Broadband High‐Gain THz MIMO Systems.
Authors: Mourin, Ayesha Siddika1 (AUTHOR) ayeshamourin@gmail.com, Nishter, Zuhaib2 (AUTHOR), Aslam, Arooj3 (AUTHOR), Habib, Mohammad Rezwan (AUTHOR) mohabib@wiley.com
Source: Advances in Materials Science & Engineering. 3/1/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-30. 30p.
Subjects: Graphene, Polyimides, Surface plasmons, Antennas (Electronics), Dielectric loss, Terahertz technology, Flexible electronics
Abstract: The integration of two‐dimensional (2D) materials with flexible substrates is pivotal for advancing next‐generation terahertz (THz) and sixth‐generation (6G) wearable electronics. However, a significant challenge remains in preserving the exceptional electronic properties of 2D materials such as graphene on low‐loss, mechanically robust dielectrics at high frequencies. This work introduces a graphene–polyimide hybrid platform that synergizes the tunable plasmonic conductivity of monolayer graphene with the outstanding flexibility and low dielectric loss of polyimide. Comprehensive material characterization, including Raman spectroscopy, SEM, AFM, and bending tests, confirms high‐quality, uniform graphene integration with excellent electrical and mechanical stability (sheet resistance variation < 1.2% after 1000 bending cycles). To demonstrate the platform's potential, we designed and simulated a compact dual‐band THz MIMO antenna. The antenna operates across 2.96–3.95 THz and 4.6–10 THz, achieving a peak gain of 14.3 dB, radiation efficiency exceeding 97%, and interelement isolation greater than 31 dB, with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.0002. Unlike prior 6G antennas that rely on rigid substrates or limited GHz prototypes, this work demonstrates the first graphene–polyimide MIMO platform achieving verified ultra‐broadband operation from 2.96 to 10 THz with high efficiency (> 97%) and strong isolation (> 31 dB). These results, validated through full‐wave electromagnetic and circuit‐level simulations, confirm that the graphene–polyimide platform effectively minimizes ohmic and dielectric losses while ensuring high performance and flexibility. This work establishes a scalable pathway for developing next‐generation THz components, such as antennas, sensors, and tunable plasmonic devices, highlighting the critical role of 2D material integration in future flexible electronic systems. The demonstrated performance validates a scalable path toward flexible, high‐gain, and low‐loss THz systems for 6G front‐end and IoT applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Advances in Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Graphene–Polyimide Flexible Electronic Platform Enabling Ultra‐Broadband High‐Gain THz MIMO Systems.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Mourin%2C+Ayesha+Siddika%22&quot;&gt;Mourin, Ayesha Siddika&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; ayeshamourin@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Nishter%2C+Zuhaib%22&quot;&gt;Nishter, Zuhaib&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Aslam%2C+Arooj%22&quot;&gt;Aslam, Arooj&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Habib%2C+Mohammad+Rezwan%22&quot;&gt;Habib, Mohammad Rezwan&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; mohabib@wiley.com&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: The integration of two‐dimensional (2D) materials with flexible substrates is pivotal for advancing next‐generation terahertz (THz) and sixth‐generation (6G) wearable electronics. However, a significant challenge remains in preserving the exceptional electronic properties of 2D materials such as graphene on low‐loss, mechanically robust dielectrics at high frequencies. This work introduces a graphene–polyimide hybrid platform that synergizes the tunable plasmonic conductivity of monolayer graphene with the outstanding flexibility and low dielectric loss of polyimide. Comprehensive material characterization, including Raman spectroscopy, SEM, AFM, and bending tests, confirms high‐quality, uniform graphene integration with excellent electrical and mechanical stability (sheet resistance variation &lt; 1.2% after 1000 bending cycles). To demonstrate the platform&#39;s potential, we designed and simulated a compact dual‐band THz MIMO antenna. The antenna operates across 2.96–3.95 THz and 4.6–10 THz, achieving a peak gain of 14.3 dB, radiation efficiency exceeding 97%, and interelement isolation greater than 31 dB, with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.0002. Unlike prior 6G antennas that rely on rigid substrates or limited GHz prototypes, this work demonstrates the first graphene–polyimide MIMO platform achieving verified ultra‐broadband operation from 2.96 to 10 THz with high efficiency (&gt; 97%) and strong isolation (&gt; 31 dB). These results, validated through full‐wave electromagnetic and circuit‐level simulations, confirm that the graphene–polyimide platform effectively minimizes ohmic and dielectric losses while ensuring high performance and flexibility. This work establishes a scalable pathway for developing next‐generation THz components, such as antennas, sensors, and tunable plasmonic devices, highlighting the critical role of 2D material integration in future flexible electronic systems. The demonstrated performance validates a scalable path toward flexible, high‐gain, and low‐loss THz systems for 6G front‐end and IoT applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Advances in Materials Science &amp; Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1155/amse/2348309
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 30
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Graphene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyimides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface plasmons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antennas (Electronics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dielectric loss
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Terahertz technology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flexible electronics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Graphene–Polyimide Flexible Electronic Platform Enabling Ultra‐Broadband High‐Gain THz MIMO Systems.
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            NameFull: Mourin, Ayesha Siddika
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            NameFull: Nishter, Zuhaib
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            NameFull: Aslam, Arooj
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            NameFull: Habib, Mohammad Rezwan
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: 3/1/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 2026
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