Leveraging machine learning with Bayesian optimization for optimizing feed spacer geometry using insights from predicting Sherwood and Power numbers.

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Title: Leveraging machine learning with Bayesian optimization for optimizing feed spacer geometry using insights from predicting Sherwood and Power numbers.
Authors: Sutariya, Bhaumik1,2 (AUTHOR) bhaumiks@csmcri.res.in, Mer, Priyanshi1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Chemical Engineering Communications. 2026, Vol. 213 Issue 4, p647-665. 19p.
Subjects: Machine learning, Dimensionless numbers, Membrane separation, Random forest algorithms, Surrogate-based optimization, Mass transfer coefficients
Abstract: This study utilized machine learning (ML)-based models, including Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), to predict Sherwood number (Sh) and Power number (Pn) based on geometrical features of the feed spacers (i.e., α , β , and l / h) and crossflow rate ( Re ) of the membrane-based separation plants. The performance of each model was evaluated using key statistical metrics, including the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean square error (MSE). Results indicated CatBoost as the best-performing model, exhibiting R2 values of 0.9985 ± 0.0001 and 0.9958 ± 0.0017 for training and testing phases for Sh, whereas 0.9998 ± 0.0001 for training and 0.9945 ± 0.0029 for testing for Pn. Feature importance analysis highlighted the crucial influence of Re and l / h on output metrics. Bayesian optimization was used to maximize Sh while simultaneously minimizing Pn. The results suggest that lower values of α (ranging from 7.5° to 22.1°), mid-range values of β (86.2° to 95.7°), and lower values of l / h (between 3 and 4.1), along with a low cross-flow rate (Re ≈ 30), are optimum conditions. The results of the model prediction were compared with the published data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Chemical Engineering Communications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Leveraging machine learning with Bayesian optimization for optimizing feed spacer geometry using insights from predicting Sherwood and Power numbers.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sutariya%2C+Bhaumik%22">Sutariya, Bhaumik</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> bhaumiks@csmcri.res.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mer%2C+Priyanshi%22">Mer, Priyanshi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Chemical+Engineering+Communications%22">Chemical Engineering Communications</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 213 Issue 4, p647-665. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dimensionless+numbers%22">Dimensionless numbers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Membrane+separation%22">Membrane separation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Random+forest+algorithms%22">Random forest algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surrogate-based+optimization%22">Surrogate-based optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mass+transfer+coefficients%22">Mass transfer coefficients</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study utilized machine learning (ML)-based models, including Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), to predict Sherwood number (Sh) and Power number (Pn) based on geometrical features of the feed spacers (i.e., α , β , and l / h) and crossflow rate ( Re ) of the membrane-based separation plants. The performance of each model was evaluated using key statistical metrics, including the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean square error (MSE). Results indicated CatBoost as the best-performing model, exhibiting R2 values of 0.9985 ± 0.0001 and 0.9958 ± 0.0017 for training and testing phases for Sh, whereas 0.9998 ± 0.0001 for training and 0.9945 ± 0.0029 for testing for Pn. Feature importance analysis highlighted the crucial influence of Re and l / h on output metrics. Bayesian optimization was used to maximize Sh while simultaneously minimizing Pn. The results suggest that lower values of α (ranging from 7.5° to 22.1°), mid-range values of β (86.2° to 95.7°), and lower values of l / h (between 3 and 4.1), along with a low cross-flow rate (Re ≈ 30), are optimum conditions. The results of the model prediction were compared with the published data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Chemical Engineering Communications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1080/00986445.2025.2572731
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 647
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dimensionless numbers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Membrane separation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Random forest algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surrogate-based optimization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mass transfer coefficients
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Leveraging machine learning with Bayesian optimization for optimizing feed spacer geometry using insights from predicting Sherwood and Power numbers.
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            NameFull: Sutariya, Bhaumik
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            NameFull: Mer, Priyanshi
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: 2026
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              Y: 2026
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