Hybridization of urea and smectites; preparation, characterization and possible applications.

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Title: Hybridization of urea and smectites; preparation, characterization and possible applications.
Authors: Tanjindaprateep, Similan1 (AUTHOR) Similan.t_s18@vistec.ac.th, Ogawa, Makoto2,3 (AUTHOR) waseda.ogawa@gmail.com
Source: Research on Chemical Intermediates. Mar2026, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p1629-1658. 30p.
Subjects: Smectite, Hybrid materials, Controlled release preparations, Adsorption capacity, Agricultural technology, Structural analysis (Science), Scientific method, Environmental protection
Abstract: This review highlights the hybridization of urea with smectites, focusing on synthesis methods, structural characterizations, and diverse applications of urea/smectite hybrids. Due to the swelling properties and cation exchange capacity of smectites, urea can be intercalated into the interlayer space using three main approaches: solution-based methods, mechanochemical activation, and solvent-free mixing with molten urea complexes. Key synthetic parameters—such as urea-to-smectite mass ratio, concentration, reaction time, milling technique, and the use of urea-metal complexes—are discussed in relation to the interactions between urea and smectites, as well as the resulting structural modifications. These interactions are crucial for enhancing urea retention and controlled release, enabling applications across agriculture, environmental protection, engineering, and medicine. The hybridization urea with smectites and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Research on Chemical Intermediates is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Hybridization of urea and smectites; preparation, characterization and possible applications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tanjindaprateep%2C+Similan%22">Tanjindaprateep, Similan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Similan.t_s18@vistec.ac.th</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ogawa%2C+Makoto%22">Ogawa, Makoto</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> waseda.ogawa@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Research+on+Chemical+Intermediates%22">Research on Chemical Intermediates</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p1629-1658. 30p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smectite%22">Smectite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hybrid+materials%22">Hybrid materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Controlled+release+preparations%22">Controlled release preparations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adsorption+capacity%22">Adsorption capacity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Agricultural+technology%22">Agricultural technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+analysis+%28Science%29%22">Structural analysis (Science)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scientific+method%22">Scientific method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+protection%22">Environmental protection</searchLink>
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  Data: This review highlights the hybridization of urea with smectites, focusing on synthesis methods, structural characterizations, and diverse applications of urea/smectite hybrids. Due to the swelling properties and cation exchange capacity of smectites, urea can be intercalated into the interlayer space using three main approaches: solution-based methods, mechanochemical activation, and solvent-free mixing with molten urea complexes. Key synthetic parameters—such as urea-to-smectite mass ratio, concentration, reaction time, milling technique, and the use of urea-metal complexes—are discussed in relation to the interactions between urea and smectites, as well as the resulting structural modifications. These interactions are crucial for enhancing urea retention and controlled release, enabling applications across agriculture, environmental protection, engineering, and medicine. The hybridization urea with smectites and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Research on Chemical Intermediates is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11164-025-05885-x
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 30
        StartPage: 1629
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Smectite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hybrid materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Controlled release preparations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adsorption capacity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agricultural technology
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      – SubjectFull: Structural analysis (Science)
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      – SubjectFull: Scientific method
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental protection
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      – TitleFull: Hybridization of urea and smectites; preparation, characterization and possible applications.
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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