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Measurement Methods for Fiber Volume Fraction of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites.

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Title: Measurement Methods for Fiber Volume Fraction of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites.
Authors: Yao, Xudan1,2 (AUTHOR) x.yao@nwpu.edu.cn, Wang, Yaxin1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Haolin1 (AUTHOR), Zhan, Aiwei1,2 (AUTHOR), Wu, Yichen1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yaqi1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Wandong1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p434. 14p.
Subjects: Nondestructive testing, Test methods, Thermography, Computed tomography, Fibrous composites, Ultrasonic testing
Abstract: Fiber-reinforced composites are extensively utilized in mass-critical structures spanning aerospace, automotive, civil, etc., owing to their exceptional specific strength and stiffness. Fiber volume fraction (FVF) is a critical parameter for evaluating the performance of the composites. As a consequence, different measurement methods have been developed in recent decades, including resin removal method, thickness measurement method, microscopic method, etc. This paper reviews both traditional destructive (acid digestion, combustion, image analysis, etc.) and newly developed non-destructive techniques (X-ray CT, thermography, ultrasonic, XRD, eddy current, etc.), with a focus on their applicability to specific materials, measurement accuracy, operational complexity and cost. Moreover, key challenges and future directions are discussed, emphasizing the need for non-destructive testing, cost and energy efficiency, intelligent measurement and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Measurement Methods for Fiber Volume Fraction of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yao%2C+Xudan%22">Yao, Xudan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> x.yao@nwpu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yaxin%22">Wang, Yaxin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Haolin%22">Wang, Haolin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhan%2C+Aiwei%22">Zhan, Aiwei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Yichen%22">Wu, Yichen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yaqi%22">Wang, Yaqi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Wandong%22">Wang, Wandong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p434. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nondestructive+testing%22">Nondestructive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+methods%22">Test methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermography%22">Thermography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computed+tomography%22">Computed tomography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fibrous+composites%22">Fibrous composites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ultrasonic+testing%22">Ultrasonic testing</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Fiber-reinforced composites are extensively utilized in mass-critical structures spanning aerospace, automotive, civil, etc., owing to their exceptional specific strength and stiffness. Fiber volume fraction (FVF) is a critical parameter for evaluating the performance of the composites. As a consequence, different measurement methods have been developed in recent decades, including resin removal method, thickness measurement method, microscopic method, etc. This paper reviews both traditional destructive (acid digestion, combustion, image analysis, etc.) and newly developed non-destructive techniques (X-ray CT, thermography, ultrasonic, XRD, eddy current, etc.), with a focus on their applicability to specific materials, measurement accuracy, operational complexity and cost. Moreover, key challenges and future directions are discussed, emphasizing the need for non-destructive testing, cost and energy efficiency, intelligent measurement and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18040434
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Test methods
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      – SubjectFull: Thermography
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      – SubjectFull: Computed tomography
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      – SubjectFull: Fibrous composites
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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