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Synergistic Effects of Nitrosamine-Safe Accelerators for Enhanced Natural Rubber Latex Balloon in Sulfur Conventional Vulcanizing System.

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Title: Synergistic Effects of Nitrosamine-Safe Accelerators for Enhanced Natural Rubber Latex Balloon in Sulfur Conventional Vulcanizing System.
Authors: Chang-In, Thanakan1 (AUTHOR), Anancharoenwong, Ekasit1 (AUTHOR), Suchat, Sunisa1 (AUTHOR) sunisa.su@psu.ac.th
Source: Polymers (20734360). Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p438. 17p.
Subjects: Vulcanization, Rubber, Environmental protection, Thermal stability, Tensile strength
Abstract: The vulcanization of natural rubber latex (NRL) relies on accelerators to achieve effective crosslinking by a sulfur conventional vulcanizing system and desirable properties such as tensile strength and elasticity. This study investigates the synergistic effects of carcinogenic nitrosamine-safe accelerators to develop a high-performance and safe NRL vulcanization system. A synergistic combination of 0.36 phr Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZBEC), 0.36 phr Tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD), and a trace amount of Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC), 0.03 phr, demonstrated optimal performance, yielding superior tensile strength (22.13 MPa), elongation at break (1153%), and thermal stability (Tmax 384.15 °C). Notably, this formulation exhibited below the detectable level limits of hazardous nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA)). The synergistic nitrosamine-safe accelerator system offers a promising strategy for producing environmentally responsible and consumer-safe NRL products with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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An: 192034270
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Synergistic Effects of Nitrosamine-Safe Accelerators for Enhanced Natural Rubber Latex Balloon in Sulfur Conventional Vulcanizing System.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chang-In%2C+Thanakan%22">Chang-In, Thanakan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anancharoenwong%2C+Ekasit%22">Anancharoenwong, Ekasit</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suchat%2C+Sunisa%22">Suchat, Sunisa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sunisa.su@psu.ac.th</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p438. 17p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vulcanization%22">Vulcanization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rubber%22">Rubber</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+protection%22">Environmental protection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tensile+strength%22">Tensile strength</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The vulcanization of natural rubber latex (NRL) relies on accelerators to achieve effective crosslinking by a sulfur conventional vulcanizing system and desirable properties such as tensile strength and elasticity. This study investigates the synergistic effects of carcinogenic nitrosamine-safe accelerators to develop a high-performance and safe NRL vulcanization system. A synergistic combination of 0.36 phr Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZBEC), 0.36 phr Tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD), and a trace amount of Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC), 0.03 phr, demonstrated optimal performance, yielding superior tensile strength (22.13 MPa), elongation at break (1153%), and thermal stability (Tmax 384.15 °C). Notably, this formulation exhibited below the detectable level limits of hazardous nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA)). The synergistic nitrosamine-safe accelerator system offers a promising strategy for producing environmentally responsible and consumer-safe NRL products with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/polym18040438
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 438
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Vulcanization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rubber
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental protection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tensile strength
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Synergistic Effects of Nitrosamine-Safe Accelerators for Enhanced Natural Rubber Latex Balloon in Sulfur Conventional Vulcanizing System.
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            NameFull: Chang-In, Thanakan
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            NameFull: Anancharoenwong, Ekasit
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            NameFull: Suchat, Sunisa
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            – D: 15
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360)
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