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Effect of Plasma Surface Treatment and Hybrid Fibers on Polypropylene Composites.

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Title: Effect of Plasma Surface Treatment and Hybrid Fibers on Polypropylene Composites.
Authors: Mazón-Ortiz, Pablo1,2 (AUTHOR), Mazón-Ortiz, Gabriel2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Quishpe-Quishpe, Luis3,4 (AUTHOR), Rosero-Ortiz, Bryan4 (AUTHOR), Almeida-Naranjo, Cristina E.5 (AUTHOR) cristina.almeida@udla.edu.ec
Source: Polymers (20734360). Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p523. 15p.
Subjects: Plasma materials processing, Interfacial bonding, Laminated materials, Mechanical behavior of materials, Fibrous composites, Microstructure, Polypropylene, Thermal properties
Abstract: Thermoplastic hybrid composites reinforced with flax and glass fibers offer a sustainable, high-performance alternative for structural applications by balancing stiffness and energy absorption. This study investigated the impact of low-pressure plasma treatment on the thermal, mechanical, and microstructural properties of two polypropylene-based laminate configurations, PFGFP (polypropylene–flax–glass–flax–polypropylene) and PFGGFP (polypropylene–flax–glass–glass–flax–polypropylene), to optimize fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion. Materials were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The plasma treatment significantly enhanced the lignocellulosic fibers' surface energy, reducing the flax contact angle from 93.5° to 56.1°. DSC analysis revealed a matrix crystallinity of 35.41%, while TGA confirmed flax thermal stability up to 250 °C. The PFGFP configuration exhibited superior mechanical performance (Tensile strength = 61.69 MPa; Young's modulus = 518.62 MPa), attributed to its symmetric architecture and efficient fiber impregnation. Conversely, PFGGFP showed reduced strength and microstructural voids due to incomplete wetting in dense reinforcement regions. These findings conclude that the synergy between plasma surface modification and optimized laminate architecture is critical for the design of high-performance sustainable composites, providing an objective basis for improving interfacial compatibility in hybrid systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effect of Plasma Surface Treatment and Hybrid Fibers on Polypropylene Composites.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mazón-Ortiz%2C+Pablo%22">Mazón-Ortiz, Pablo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mazón-Ortiz%2C+Gabriel%22">Mazón-Ortiz, Gabriel</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Quishpe-Quishpe%2C+Luis%22">Quishpe-Quishpe, Luis</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rosero-Ortiz%2C+Bryan%22">Rosero-Ortiz, Bryan</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Almeida-Naranjo%2C+Cristina+E%2E%22">Almeida-Naranjo, Cristina E.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> cristina.almeida@udla.edu.ec</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p523. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+materials+processing%22">Plasma materials processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interfacial+bonding%22">Interfacial bonding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laminated+materials%22">Laminated materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fibrous+composites%22">Fibrous composites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polypropylene%22">Polypropylene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+properties%22">Thermal properties</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Thermoplastic hybrid composites reinforced with flax and glass fibers offer a sustainable, high-performance alternative for structural applications by balancing stiffness and energy absorption. This study investigated the impact of low-pressure plasma treatment on the thermal, mechanical, and microstructural properties of two polypropylene-based laminate configurations, PFGFP (polypropylene–flax–glass–flax–polypropylene) and PFGGFP (polypropylene–flax–glass–glass–flax–polypropylene), to optimize fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion. Materials were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The plasma treatment significantly enhanced the lignocellulosic fibers' surface energy, reducing the flax contact angle from 93.5° to 56.1°. DSC analysis revealed a matrix crystallinity of 35.41%, while TGA confirmed flax thermal stability up to 250 °C. The PFGFP configuration exhibited superior mechanical performance (Tensile strength = 61.69 MPa; Young's modulus = 518.62 MPa), attributed to its symmetric architecture and efficient fiber impregnation. Conversely, PFGGFP showed reduced strength and microstructural voids due to incomplete wetting in dense reinforcement regions. These findings conclude that the synergy between plasma surface modification and optimized laminate architecture is critical for the design of high-performance sustainable composites, providing an objective basis for improving interfacial compatibility in hybrid systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18040523
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 523
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      – SubjectFull: Plasma materials processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interfacial bonding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laminated materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fibrous composites
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polypropylene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal properties
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Effect of Plasma Surface Treatment and Hybrid Fibers on Polypropylene Composites.
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            NameFull: Mazón-Ortiz, Pablo
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            NameFull: Mazón-Ortiz, Gabriel
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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