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Synergistic Modification of Recycled PET Using Halloysite Nanotubes and a Reactive Terpolymer for Enhanced Toughness and Processability.

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Title: Synergistic Modification of Recycled PET Using Halloysite Nanotubes and a Reactive Terpolymer for Enhanced Toughness and Processability.
Authors: Hu, Zhicheng1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Zhiying1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Xiaoling1 (AUTHOR), Ren, Xiue1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Ronghua1 (AUTHOR) zrh18027188979@zcst.edu.cn
Source: Polymers (20734360). Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p533. 22p.
Subjects: Recycled products, Reactive polymers, Polyethylene terephthalate, Injection molding, Nanostructured materials, Impact strength, Nanocomposite materials
Abstract: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has become the predominant material for single-use packaging owing to its cost and performance advantages. However, massive post-consumer waste leads to environmental concerns, and recycled PET from thermomechanical processing followed by chain extension often suffers from low toughness and poor processability, restricting its use to low-value applications. In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and ethylene–methyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer (E-MA-GMA) were melt-blended with recycled PET to examine their synergistic modification effects. The DSC results show that HNTs retain a nucleating effect on recycled PET even with the co-addition of E-MA-GMA, albeit with a substantial reduction compared with their effect when used alone. Nevertheless, rheological measurements indicate that the combined introduction of E-MA-GMA and HNTs imposes a significantly stronger restriction on the relaxation behavior of recycled PET molecular chains than the individual addition of either HNTs or E-MA-GMA. This is attributed to the interfacial reactions between E-MA-GMA and the recycled PET matrix, as well as between E-MA-GMA and HNTs, leading to the formation of branching and hybrid structures. This synergistic restraint markedly reduces the crystallization growth rate of PET. As a result, the recycled PET/E-MA-GMA/HNTs composites maintain relatively lower crystallinity compared with the recycled PET/E-MA-GMA composite after high-temperature injection molding or annealing treatment, leading to superior impact resistance. The impact strength of the recycled PET/E-MA-GMA/HNTs composites is 2.28 and 2.14 times that of the recycled PET/E-MA-GMA composite under high-mold-temperature injection molding and annealing conditions, respectively. The approach presented here facilitates the substitution of virgin plastics with recycled PET in demanding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Synergistic Modification of Recycled PET Using Halloysite Nanotubes and a Reactive Terpolymer for Enhanced Toughness and Processability.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Zhicheng%22">Hu, Zhicheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Zhiying%22">Wu, Zhiying</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Xiaoling%22">Wu, Xiaoling</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ren%2C+Xiue%22">Ren, Xiue</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Ronghua%22">Zhang, Ronghua</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zrh18027188979@zcst.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p533. 22p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recycled+products%22">Recycled products</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reactive+polymers%22">Reactive polymers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyethylene+terephthalate%22">Polyethylene terephthalate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Injection+molding%22">Injection molding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impact+strength%22">Impact strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanocomposite+materials%22">Nanocomposite materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has become the predominant material for single-use packaging owing to its cost and performance advantages. However, massive post-consumer waste leads to environmental concerns, and recycled PET from thermomechanical processing followed by chain extension often suffers from low toughness and poor processability, restricting its use to low-value applications. In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and ethylene–methyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer (E-MA-GMA) were melt-blended with recycled PET to examine their synergistic modification effects. The DSC results show that HNTs retain a nucleating effect on recycled PET even with the co-addition of E-MA-GMA, albeit with a substantial reduction compared with their effect when used alone. Nevertheless, rheological measurements indicate that the combined introduction of E-MA-GMA and HNTs imposes a significantly stronger restriction on the relaxation behavior of recycled PET molecular chains than the individual addition of either HNTs or E-MA-GMA. This is attributed to the interfacial reactions between E-MA-GMA and the recycled PET matrix, as well as between E-MA-GMA and HNTs, leading to the formation of branching and hybrid structures. This synergistic restraint markedly reduces the crystallization growth rate of PET. As a result, the recycled PET/E-MA-GMA/HNTs composites maintain relatively lower crystallinity compared with the recycled PET/E-MA-GMA composite after high-temperature injection molding or annealing treatment, leading to superior impact resistance. The impact strength of the recycled PET/E-MA-GMA/HNTs composites is 2.28 and 2.14 times that of the recycled PET/E-MA-GMA composite under high-mold-temperature injection molding and annealing conditions, respectively. The approach presented here facilitates the substitution of virgin plastics with recycled PET in demanding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18040533
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 533
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Recycled products
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reactive polymers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyethylene terephthalate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Injection molding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanostructured materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Impact strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanocomposite materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Synergistic Modification of Recycled PET Using Halloysite Nanotubes and a Reactive Terpolymer for Enhanced Toughness and Processability.
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            NameFull: Hu, Zhicheng
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            NameFull: Wu, Zhiying
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            NameFull: Wu, Xiaoling
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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