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Spin–Orbit Torque-Driven Perpendicular Magnetization Switching for Artificial Synapses in Co/Ho Multilayer Systems.

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Title: Spin–Orbit Torque-Driven Perpendicular Magnetization Switching for Artificial Synapses in Co/Ho Multilayer Systems.
Authors: Li, Shaomin1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Wei, Yidan2,4 (AUTHOR), Chen, Yuanyuan1,3 (AUTHOR), Qu, Kangyue1,3,4 (AUTHOR), Yu, Pingping1,3 (AUTHOR) pingpingyu@jiangnan.edu.cn, Jiang, Yanfeng1,2,3 (AUTHOR) jiangyf@jiangnan.edu.cn
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Feb2026, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p243. 11p.
Subjects: Spin-orbit interactions, Magnetic anisotropy, Antiferromagnetism, Neuromorphics, Magnetization reversal
Abstract: Spin–orbit torque (SOT)-based spintronic devices have emerged as a preferred candidate for next-generation artificial synaptic devices due to their advantages of non-volatility, high speed, and low power consumption. The development of high-performance SOT-based artificial synaptic devices relies on the breakthrough in SOT-driven magnetization switching, wherein the performance regulation and structural design of the magnetic layer are the core critical factors. In this work, the Co/Ho multilayer system is employed as the magnetic layer to investigate its SOT-driven magnetization switching characteristics and application potential in artificial synapses. By regulating the periodic parameters of the Co/Ho multilayer structure, high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) can be stably maintained in devices with relatively thick ferrimagnetic layers. Moreover, we elucidate the role of the antiferromagnetic coupling interface between Co and Ho in the multilayer structure in enhancing SOT efficiency and demonstrate the achievement of a high spin Hall angle of up to 0.22. The high SOT efficiency of the system enables it to drive the 8.4 nm-thick magnetic layer to achieve highly stable magnetization switching. Multistate magnetization switching behavior is observed, which can be used to simulate synaptic weight updates in neuromorphic networks, demonstrating the broad application prospects of this system in the field of artificial neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Spin–Orbit Torque-Driven Perpendicular Magnetization Switching for Artificial Synapses in Co/Ho Multilayer Systems.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Shaomin%22">Li, Shaomin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei%2C+Yidan%22">Wei, Yidan</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yuanyuan%22">Chen, Yuanyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qu%2C+Kangyue%22">Qu, Kangyue</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Pingping%22">Yu, Pingping</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pingpingyu@jiangnan.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Yanfeng%22">Jiang, Yanfeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jiangyf@jiangnan.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p243. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spin-orbit+interactions%22">Spin-orbit interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+anisotropy%22">Magnetic anisotropy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antiferromagnetism%22">Antiferromagnetism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuromorphics%22">Neuromorphics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetization+reversal%22">Magnetization reversal</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Spin–orbit torque (SOT)-based spintronic devices have emerged as a preferred candidate for next-generation artificial synaptic devices due to their advantages of non-volatility, high speed, and low power consumption. The development of high-performance SOT-based artificial synaptic devices relies on the breakthrough in SOT-driven magnetization switching, wherein the performance regulation and structural design of the magnetic layer are the core critical factors. In this work, the Co/Ho multilayer system is employed as the magnetic layer to investigate its SOT-driven magnetization switching characteristics and application potential in artificial synapses. By regulating the periodic parameters of the Co/Ho multilayer structure, high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) can be stably maintained in devices with relatively thick ferrimagnetic layers. Moreover, we elucidate the role of the antiferromagnetic coupling interface between Co and Ho in the multilayer structure in enhancing SOT efficiency and demonstrate the achievement of a high spin Hall angle of up to 0.22. The high SOT efficiency of the system enables it to drive the 8.4 nm-thick magnetic layer to achieve highly stable magnetization switching. Multistate magnetization switching behavior is observed, which can be used to simulate synaptic weight updates in neuromorphic networks, demonstrating the broad application prospects of this system in the field of artificial neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano16040243
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic anisotropy
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      – SubjectFull: Antiferromagnetism
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      – SubjectFull: Neuromorphics
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetization reversal
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      – TitleFull: Spin–Orbit Torque-Driven Perpendicular Magnetization Switching for Artificial Synapses in Co/Ho Multilayer Systems.
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            NameFull: Li, Shaomin
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            NameFull: Wei, Yidan
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              Text: Feb2026
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