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A Typology of Labour Agency in the Gig Economy: Gig Drivers' Experiences of Struggle in Indonesia During the COVID‐19 Pandemic.

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Title: A Typology of Labour Agency in the Gig Economy: Gig Drivers' Experiences of Struggle in Indonesia During the COVID‐19 Pandemic.
Authors: Permana, Muhammad Yorga1,2 (AUTHOR) yorga.permana@sbm-itb.ac.id
Source: New Technology, Work & Employment. Mar2026, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p141-152. 12p.
Subjects: Gig economy, COVID-19 pandemic, Labor supply, Indonesians, Industrial relations, Interpersonal conflict
Geographic Terms: Jakarta (Indonesia), Indonesia
Abstract: This article explores how ride‐hailing drivers, couriers, and food‐delivery riders in Indonesia exercised labour agency to improve their working conditions during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Drawing on a survey (N = 997) and in‐depth interviews (N = 30) with gig drivers in Jakarta, it contributes to labour geography and employment relations literature by reconceptualizing labour agency in the gig economy. Four modes of agency are proposed: (1) Individual resilience, (2) Individual reworking and resistance, (3) Collective resilience, and (4) Collective reworking and resistance. This article further presents main obstacles that explain why not all workers may exercise these practices: Fear of potential platform counteraction and moral dilemma hindered workers from resisting the platform. Identity struggles concerning the 'driver‐partner' status and the competitive nature of the platform work prevented workers' involvement in collective agency. Meanwhile, free rider problem, fragmented and leaderless movement, and collective frustration posed challenges for workers in translating collective feeling into active solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Technology, Work & Employment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: A Typology of Labour Agency in the Gig Economy: Gig Drivers' Experiences of Struggle in Indonesia During the COVID‐19 Pandemic.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22New+Technology%2C+Work+%26+Employment%22">New Technology, Work & Employment</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p141-152. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gig+economy%22">Gig economy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Labor+supply%22">Labor supply</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesians%22">Indonesians</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+relations%22">Industrial relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+conflict%22">Interpersonal conflict</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Jakarta+%28Indonesia%29%22">Jakarta (Indonesia)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This article explores how ride‐hailing drivers, couriers, and food‐delivery riders in Indonesia exercised labour agency to improve their working conditions during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Drawing on a survey (N = 997) and in‐depth interviews (N = 30) with gig drivers in Jakarta, it contributes to labour geography and employment relations literature by reconceptualizing labour agency in the gig economy. Four modes of agency are proposed: (1) Individual resilience, (2) Individual reworking and resistance, (3) Collective resilience, and (4) Collective reworking and resistance. This article further presents main obstacles that explain why not all workers may exercise these practices: Fear of potential platform counteraction and moral dilemma hindered workers from resisting the platform. Identity struggles concerning the 'driver‐partner' status and the competitive nature of the platform work prevented workers' involvement in collective agency. Meanwhile, free rider problem, fragmented and leaderless movement, and collective frustration posed challenges for workers in translating collective feeling into active solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of New Technology, Work & Employment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=192087236
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/ntwe.70014
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 141
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Gig economy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19 pandemic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Labor supply
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Industrial relations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal conflict
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Jakarta (Indonesia)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A Typology of Labour Agency in the Gig Economy: Gig Drivers' Experiences of Struggle in Indonesia During the COVID‐19 Pandemic.
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              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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