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Jointly Learned 3D Non‐Cartesian Sampling With Wave Encoding and Reconstruction for Neurovascular Phase Contrast MRI.

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Title: Jointly Learned 3D Non‐Cartesian Sampling With Wave Encoding and Reconstruction for Neurovascular Phase Contrast MRI.
Authors: Tang, Chenwei1,2 (AUTHOR), Jolicoeur, Brock W.2,3 (AUTHOR), Rice, James2,4 (AUTHOR), Doctor, Caroline A.1,2 (AUTHOR), Yardim, Zaynab S.2,5 (AUTHOR), Rivera‐Rivera, Leonardo A.1,6 (AUTHOR), Eisenmenger, Laura B.2 (AUTHOR), Johnson, Kevin M.1,2 (AUTHOR) kmjohnson3@wisc.edu
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. May2026, Vol. 95 Issue 5, p2554-2567. 14p.
Subjects: Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging, Signal sampling, Cerebral circulation, Image enhancement (Imaging systems), Image reconstruction, Flow measurement
Abstract: Purpose: To develop accelerated 3D phase contrast (PC) MRI using jointly learned wave encoding and reconstruction. Methods: Pseudo‐fully sampled neurovascular 4D flow data (N = 40) and a simulation framework were used to learn phase encoding locations, wave readout parameters, and model‐based reconstruction network (MoDL) for a rapid 3D PC scan (2.25 min). Parameters were also learned for an otherwise identical scan without wave encoding. Prospective scans with and without wave sampling, time‐matched 3D radial, and reference 3D radial (5.65 min) were conducted in a flow phantom and 12 healthy participants. Flow rate, pixel‐wise velocity, and variability of maximum velocity (σvmax$$ {\sigma}_{v_{max}} $$) were compared. Results: In the phantom, learned wave scans provided accurate flow rates compared to flow probe values (0.170 ± 0.002 vs. 0.17, 0.152 ± 0.003 vs. 0.15, 1.838 ± 0.044 vs. 1.83 L/min) and showed high correlation with reference scan (slope = 0.97, R2 = 0.99). In vivo, learned wave scans demonstrated reduced aliasing and blurring, and better small vessel conspicuity compared to scans without wave sampling and time‐matched 3D radial scans. The internal carotid artery (ICA) flow rate coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for learned wave scans were similar to reference 3D radial scans (CV = 6.569, ICC = 0.927; reference CV = 6.553, ICC = 0.910). Learned wave sampling demonstrated similar or lower σvmax$$ {\sigma}_{v_{max}} $$ in middle cerebral artery (MCA), basilar artery (BA), superior sagittal sinus (SSS), and most ICA segments than the longer reference scan. Conclusion: This work demonstrates feasibility, improved image quality and accurate flow measurements of learned wave sampling and MoDL reconstruction for 3D PC MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Jointly Learned 3D Non‐Cartesian Sampling With Wave Encoding and Reconstruction for Neurovascular Phase Contrast MRI.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tang%2C+Chenwei%22">Tang, Chenwei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jolicoeur%2C+Brock+W%2E%22">Jolicoeur, Brock W.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rice%2C+James%22">Rice, James</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Doctor%2C+Caroline+A%2E%22">Doctor, Caroline A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yardim%2C+Zaynab+S%2E%22">Yardim, Zaynab S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rivera‐Rivera%2C+Leonardo+A%2E%22">Rivera‐Rivera, Leonardo A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eisenmenger%2C+Laura+B%2E%22">Eisenmenger, Laura B.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johnson%2C+Kevin+M%2E%22">Johnson, Kevin M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kmjohnson3@wisc.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 95 Issue 5, p2554-2567. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+contrast+magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+sampling%22">Signal sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cerebral+circulation%22">Cerebral circulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Image+enhancement+%28Imaging+systems%29%22">Image enhancement (Imaging systems)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Image+reconstruction%22">Image reconstruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flow+measurement%22">Flow measurement</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: To develop accelerated 3D phase contrast (PC) MRI using jointly learned wave encoding and reconstruction. Methods: Pseudo‐fully sampled neurovascular 4D flow data (N = 40) and a simulation framework were used to learn phase encoding locations, wave readout parameters, and model‐based reconstruction network (MoDL) for a rapid 3D PC scan (2.25 min). Parameters were also learned for an otherwise identical scan without wave encoding. Prospective scans with and without wave sampling, time‐matched 3D radial, and reference 3D radial (5.65 min) were conducted in a flow phantom and 12 healthy participants. Flow rate, pixel‐wise velocity, and variability of maximum velocity (σvmax$$ {\sigma}_{v_{max}} $$) were compared. Results: In the phantom, learned wave scans provided accurate flow rates compared to flow probe values (0.170 ± 0.002 vs. 0.17, 0.152 ± 0.003 vs. 0.15, 1.838 ± 0.044 vs. 1.83 L/min) and showed high correlation with reference scan (slope = 0.97, R2 = 0.99). In vivo, learned wave scans demonstrated reduced aliasing and blurring, and better small vessel conspicuity compared to scans without wave sampling and time‐matched 3D radial scans. The internal carotid artery (ICA) flow rate coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for learned wave scans were similar to reference 3D radial scans (CV = 6.569, ICC = 0.927; reference CV = 6.553, ICC = 0.910). Learned wave sampling demonstrated similar or lower σvmax$$ {\sigma}_{v_{max}} $$ in middle cerebral artery (MCA), basilar artery (BA), superior sagittal sinus (SSS), and most ICA segments than the longer reference scan. Conclusion: This work demonstrates feasibility, improved image quality and accurate flow measurements of learned wave sampling and MoDL reconstruction for 3D PC MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mrm.70215
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 2554
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Signal sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cerebral circulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Image enhancement (Imaging systems)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Image reconstruction
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      – SubjectFull: Flow measurement
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      – TitleFull: Jointly Learned 3D Non‐Cartesian Sampling With Wave Encoding and Reconstruction for Neurovascular Phase Contrast MRI.
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            NameFull: Tang, Chenwei
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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