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Facile Modulation of Nitrogen-Rich Hard Carbon Shells on Si-Expanded Graphite for High-Performance Lithium Storage.

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Title: Facile Modulation of Nitrogen-Rich Hard Carbon Shells on Si-Expanded Graphite for High-Performance Lithium Storage.
Authors: Xiong, Shanxin1 (AUTHOR) xiongsx@xust.edu.cn, Zheng, Zijing1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yukun1 (AUTHOR), Fang, Ke1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Shuai1 (AUTHOR), Duan, Qingyong1 (AUTHOR), Lu, Hepeng1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Xiaoqin1 (AUTHOR), Li, Jinhang1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Electronic Materials. Apr2026, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p3389-3401. 13p.
Subjects: Lithium-ion batteries, Negative electrode, Energy storage, Carbon-based materials
Abstract: Silicon offers a high theoretical capacity, low operating voltage, and abundant reserves, making it a promising anode. Yet, its significant volume expansion during cycling remains a major barrier to practical use. Here, expanded graphite acts as an elastic scaffold coupled with a flexible N-rich carbon shell to integrate buffering, conductivity, and lithium storage. Through wet ball-milling, submicron silicon was uniformly dispersed within expanded graphite to form a conductive scaffold. Simultaneously, a phenolic/melamine-resorcinol-formaldehyde (MRF) hybrid resin was generated via liquid-phase in situ polymerization. Subsequently, pyrolysis of this resin yielded nitrogen-doped silicon/carbon composites (designated Si/EGMHC), in which the silicon particles are embedded within a nitrogen-rich hard-carbon layer. The nitrogen-doped carbon shell effectively isolates silicon nanoparticles from the electrolyte, while the low-graphitization hard carbon layer, possessing appreciable mechanical flexibility, helps alleviate stress concentration induced by the volumetric expansion of silicon particles. In addition, the nitrogen-doped carbon shell surface possesses more active sites, and these characteristics significantly enhance the lithium storage capacity of silicon particles. The prepared Si/EGMHC-0.5–3 exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance (991 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A·g−1) when used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. This study provides a simple, economical, and feasible process strategy for the preparation of silicon-based anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Electronic Materials is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192202848
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Facile Modulation of Nitrogen-Rich Hard Carbon Shells on Si-Expanded Graphite for High-Performance Lithium Storage.
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  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiong%2C+Shanxin%22">Xiong, Shanxin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xiongsx@xust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Zijing%22">Zheng, Zijing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yukun%22">Zhang, Yukun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fang%2C+Ke%22">Fang, Ke</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Shuai%22">Zhang, Shuai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duan%2C+Qingyong%22">Duan, Qingyong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Hepeng%22">Lu, Hepeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xiaoqin%22">Wang, Xiaoqin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Jinhang%22">Li, Jinhang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Electronic+Materials%22">Journal of Electronic Materials</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p3389-3401. 13p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lithium-ion+batteries%22">Lithium-ion batteries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Negative+electrode%22">Negative electrode</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon-based+materials%22">Carbon-based materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Silicon offers a high theoretical capacity, low operating voltage, and abundant reserves, making it a promising anode. Yet, its significant volume expansion during cycling remains a major barrier to practical use. Here, expanded graphite acts as an elastic scaffold coupled with a flexible N-rich carbon shell to integrate buffering, conductivity, and lithium storage. Through wet ball-milling, submicron silicon was uniformly dispersed within expanded graphite to form a conductive scaffold. Simultaneously, a phenolic/melamine-resorcinol-formaldehyde (MRF) hybrid resin was generated via liquid-phase in situ polymerization. Subsequently, pyrolysis of this resin yielded nitrogen-doped silicon/carbon composites (designated Si/EGMHC), in which the silicon particles are embedded within a nitrogen-rich hard-carbon layer. The nitrogen-doped carbon shell effectively isolates silicon nanoparticles from the electrolyte, while the low-graphitization hard carbon layer, possessing appreciable mechanical flexibility, helps alleviate stress concentration induced by the volumetric expansion of silicon particles. In addition, the nitrogen-doped carbon shell surface possesses more active sites, and these characteristics significantly enhance the lithium storage capacity of silicon particles. The prepared Si/EGMHC-0.5–3 exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance (991 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A·g−1) when used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. This study provides a simple, economical, and feasible process strategy for the preparation of silicon-based anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Electronic Materials is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11664-026-12719-y
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 3389
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Lithium-ion batteries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Negative electrode
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon-based materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Facile Modulation of Nitrogen-Rich Hard Carbon Shells on Si-Expanded Graphite for High-Performance Lithium Storage.
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            NameFull: Xiong, Shanxin
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            NameFull: Zheng, Zijing
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            NameFull: Zhang, Yukun
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            NameFull: Fang, Ke
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            NameFull: Zhang, Shuai
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            NameFull: Lu, Hepeng
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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