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Engineering the Interface of Interfacially‐Locked Graphene in Electrically Conductive Poly (ethylene furanoate)/Polyethylene (PEF/PE) Blends.

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Title: Engineering the Interface of Interfacially‐Locked Graphene in Electrically Conductive Poly (ethylene furanoate)/Polyethylene (PEF/PE) Blends.
Authors: Ahmed, Safa1,2 (AUTHOR), Cardinaels, Ruth2,3 (AUTHOR), Abu‐Jdayil, Basim1 (AUTHOR), Munam, Abdul4 (AUTHOR), Iqbal, Muhammad Z.1 (AUTHOR) mziqbal@uaeu.ac.ae
Source: Macromolecular Materials & Engineering. Nov2025, Vol. 310 Issue 11, p1-17. 17p.
Subjects: Graphene, Interface structures, Nanocomposite materials, Electric conductivity, Polymers, Polyethylene, Polymer blends
Abstract: Designing conductive nanocomposites by localizing/trapping a conductive nanofiller at the polymer/polymer interface is quite challenging and considered very dynamic. In this work, the interface developed in poly(ethylene furanoate)/polyethylene (PEF/PE) blends is studied and evaluated for strategic localization of graphene at the interface. The trapping of graphene at the interface was confirmed by extraction of individual components as well as a sharp increase in the electrical conductivity of the PEF/PE/graphene nanocomposites. The sequence of mixing PEF, PE, and graphene showed significant effects on graphene's localization. The inclusion of graphene reduced the characteristic domain size by inducing compatibility in PEF/PE. The PEF/PE interface acts as an energy well that does not allow diffusion of graphene nanosheets into or away from the interface by annealing at high temperatures. Furthermore, adding a compatibilizer affected conductivity negatively, attributed to the altered morphology in blends. The PEF/PE/graphene nanocomposites achieved a low percolation threshold of 0.97 vol%, whereas electrical percolation in PEF/GNP and PE/GNP nanocomposites was observed at 6–7 vol%. A 3D graphene network was confirmed in PEF/PE/GNP nanocomposites via power‐law conductivity model. This is the first report on electrically conductive PEF‐blends highlighting the potential of interfacially‐localized graphene in optimizing the multifunctional properties of bio‐based PEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Macromolecular Materials & Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Engineering the Interface of Interfacially‐Locked Graphene in Electrically Conductive Poly (ethylene furanoate)/Polyethylene (PEF/PE) Blends.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmed%2C+Safa%22">Ahmed, Safa</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cardinaels%2C+Ruth%22">Cardinaels, Ruth</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abu‐Jdayil%2C+Basim%22">Abu‐Jdayil, Basim</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Munam%2C+Abdul%22">Munam, Abdul</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Iqbal%2C+Muhammad+Z%2E%22">Iqbal, Muhammad Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mziqbal@uaeu.ac.ae</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Macromolecular+Materials+%26+Engineering%22">Macromolecular Materials & Engineering</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 310 Issue 11, p1-17. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphene%22">Graphene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interface+structures%22">Interface structures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanocomposite+materials%22">Nanocomposite materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+conductivity%22">Electric conductivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymers%22">Polymers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyethylene%22">Polyethylene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymer+blends%22">Polymer blends</searchLink>
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  Data: Designing conductive nanocomposites by localizing/trapping a conductive nanofiller at the polymer/polymer interface is quite challenging and considered very dynamic. In this work, the interface developed in poly(ethylene furanoate)/polyethylene (PEF/PE) blends is studied and evaluated for strategic localization of graphene at the interface. The trapping of graphene at the interface was confirmed by extraction of individual components as well as a sharp increase in the electrical conductivity of the PEF/PE/graphene nanocomposites. The sequence of mixing PEF, PE, and graphene showed significant effects on graphene's localization. The inclusion of graphene reduced the characteristic domain size by inducing compatibility in PEF/PE. The PEF/PE interface acts as an energy well that does not allow diffusion of graphene nanosheets into or away from the interface by annealing at high temperatures. Furthermore, adding a compatibilizer affected conductivity negatively, attributed to the altered morphology in blends. The PEF/PE/graphene nanocomposites achieved a low percolation threshold of 0.97 vol%, whereas electrical percolation in PEF/GNP and PE/GNP nanocomposites was observed at 6–7 vol%. A 3D graphene network was confirmed in PEF/PE/GNP nanocomposites via power‐law conductivity model. This is the first report on electrically conductive PEF‐blends highlighting the potential of interfacially‐localized graphene in optimizing the multifunctional properties of bio‐based PEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Macromolecular Materials & Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mame.202500177
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Nanocomposite materials
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      – SubjectFull: Electric conductivity
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      – SubjectFull: Polymers
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      – SubjectFull: Polyethylene
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      – SubjectFull: Polymer blends
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      – TitleFull: Engineering the Interface of Interfacially‐Locked Graphene in Electrically Conductive Poly (ethylene furanoate)/Polyethylene (PEF/PE) Blends.
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            NameFull: Ahmed, Safa
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              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
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              Y: 2025
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