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Allometry, sexual dimorphism, and sexual trait elaboration in the birds-of-paradise.

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Title: Allometry, sexual dimorphism, and sexual trait elaboration in the birds-of-paradise.
Authors: MacGillavry, Thomas1 (AUTHOR), Toyama, Ken S2 (AUTHOR), Fusani, Leonida3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Evolution. Mar2026, Vol. 80 Issue 3, p661-673. 13p.
Subjects: Allometry, Sexual dimorphism, Sexual selection, Courtship, Morphology, Comparative anatomy, Animal courtship
Abstract: Rensch's rule (RR) is a widespread macroevolutionary pattern describing a positive association between male-biased dimorphism and species size. Applied to sexual size dimorphism, RR is often associated with sexual selection, as larger body sizes may benefit males in competition and courtship. Moreover, the presence of RR in sexual traits further indicates that males reap relative performance benefits beyond large body size alone. Here we describe patterns of elaboration, variation, and sexual dimorphism in tail length in the birds-of-paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae), which exhibit an extreme diversity in tail lengths, ranging from short-tailed species to the longest-tailed passeriform birds. We found that body size followed RR in polygynous, but not monogamous species, in accordance with the sexual selection hypothesis. However, we found no evidence of RR in tail length, indicating similar evolutionary allometries between males and females. Evolutionary allometries of male and female traits were both strongly positive among long-tailed species, suggesting that the lack of RR results from phenotypic correlations between the sexes, rather than constraints on ornament exaggeration. Our study represents the first integrative test of RR in an ornamental morphological trait and evidences how different aspects of dimorphism interact in a group with a hyperdiverse courtship trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Evolution is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192320394
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Allometry, sexual dimorphism, and sexual trait elaboration in the birds-of-paradise.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22MacGillavry%2C+Thomas%22">MacGillavry, Thomas</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Toyama%2C+Ken+S%22">Toyama, Ken S</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fusani%2C+Leonida%22">Fusani, Leonida</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Evolution%22">Evolution</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 80 Issue 3, p661-673. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Allometry%22">Allometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+dimorphism%22">Sexual dimorphism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+selection%22">Sexual selection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Courtship%22">Courtship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Morphology%22">Morphology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+anatomy%22">Comparative anatomy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animal+courtship%22">Animal courtship</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Rensch's rule (RR) is a widespread macroevolutionary pattern describing a positive association between male-biased dimorphism and species size. Applied to sexual size dimorphism, RR is often associated with sexual selection, as larger body sizes may benefit males in competition and courtship. Moreover, the presence of RR in sexual traits further indicates that males reap relative performance benefits beyond large body size alone. Here we describe patterns of elaboration, variation, and sexual dimorphism in tail length in the birds-of-paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae), which exhibit an extreme diversity in tail lengths, ranging from short-tailed species to the longest-tailed passeriform birds. We found that body size followed RR in polygynous, but not monogamous species, in accordance with the sexual selection hypothesis. However, we found no evidence of RR in tail length, indicating similar evolutionary allometries between males and females. Evolutionary allometries of male and female traits were both strongly positive among long-tailed species, suggesting that the lack of RR results from phenotypic correlations between the sexes, rather than constraints on ornament exaggeration. Our study represents the first integrative test of RR in an ornamental morphological trait and evidences how different aspects of dimorphism interact in a group with a hyperdiverse courtship trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Evolution is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1093/evolut/qpaf263
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 661
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Allometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sexual dimorphism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sexual selection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Courtship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Morphology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative anatomy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animal courtship
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Allometry, sexual dimorphism, and sexual trait elaboration in the birds-of-paradise.
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            NameFull: MacGillavry, Thomas
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            NameFull: Toyama, Ken S
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            NameFull: Fusani, Leonida
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: Evolution
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