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Experimental Study of Cyclic Loading and Unloading Creep of Hydraulic Concrete: A Statistical Perspective.

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Title: Experimental Study of Cyclic Loading and Unloading Creep of Hydraulic Concrete: A Statistical Perspective.
Authors: Huang, Yaoying1 (AUTHOR) huangyaoying@sohu.com, Wei, Haidong2 (AUTHOR) 1642330983@qq.com, Zhang, Yao3 (AUTHOR) 1450448188@qq.com, Liu, Hui2 (AUTHOR) 1648391369@qq.com, Xia, Shifa4 (AUTHOR) xiasf@iwhr.com
Source: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. May2026, Vol. 38 Issue 5, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: Creep (Materials), Creep testing, Cyclic loads, Statistics, Concrete, Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
Abstract: Concrete is a complex composite material. Even if hydraulic concrete is creep-tested under uniform test conditions, the magnitude relationship between the tensile and compressive creep properties of concrete is still affected by the randomness of the aggregate distribution and inhomogeneity of mortar during the formation of the specimen. Therefore, we designed and implemented eight groups of cyclic loaded and unloaded creep tests of secondary aggregate grading hydraulic concrete under uniform test conditions. Based on the standard definition of the concrete compressive strength and the creep test results, the standard specific creep curve is defined by the upper limit statistics of the specific creep at the reliable probability of 85%. This work thus statistically explores the magnitude relationship between the tensile and compressive standard specific creep of hydraulic concrete. The results show that, with increasing loading time, the tensile and compressive creep of the concrete gradually becomes less discrete. At the beginning of the test, the tensile and compressive creep produced highly discrete results, and the dispersion coefficient exceeded 25%. Over time, although the discreteness decreased, it remained above 8%. In addition, the discreteness of the second stage loading exceeded that of the first stage. The 85% reliable probability comprehensively reflects the average value and discreteness of the test data. The standard specific tensile creep of hydraulic concrete under the 85% reliable probability exceeds the standard specific compressive creep. Practical Applications: Concrete is a complex composite material, which leads to a certain discreteness in the measured values of concrete even under uniform test conditions. To overcome the difficulty of concrete discreteness, the probability statistics method is usually used. For example, the compressive strength with a 95% reliable probability is generally used as the standard value of concrete compressive strength. At present, both compression and tensile creep tests use up to three specimens; thus, the discreteness of measured values of concrete may affect the magnitude relationship between the tensile specific creep and compressive specific creep of concrete. In this study, we adopt the probability statistics method to solve this problem. Given the greater the concrete creep, the more dangerous the concrete structure. Therefore, we carried out eight groups of cyclic loaded and unloaded creep tests of hydraulic concrete under uniform test conditions. Then the standard specific creep curve is defined by the upper-limit statistics of the specific creep at a reliable probability of 85%. Thus, the magnitude relationship between the tensile and compressive standard specific creep of hydraulic concrete is analyzed from a statistical perspective. This study is useful to better understand the performance of concrete creep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192320982
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Experimental Study of Cyclic Loading and Unloading Creep of Hydraulic Concrete: A Statistical Perspective.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Yaoying%22">Huang, Yaoying</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> huangyaoying@sohu.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei%2C+Haidong%22">Wei, Haidong</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 1642330983@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yao%22">Zhang, Yao</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 1450448188@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Hui%22">Liu, Hui</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 1648391369@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xia%2C+Shifa%22">Xia, Shifa</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xiasf@iwhr.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Materials+in+Civil+Engineering%22">Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 38 Issue 5, p1-12. 12p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Creep+%28Materials%29%22">Creep (Materials)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Creep+testing%22">Creep testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyclic+loads%22">Cyclic loads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Concrete%22">Concrete</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strains+%26+stresses+%28Mechanics%29%22">Strains & stresses (Mechanics)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Concrete is a complex composite material. Even if hydraulic concrete is creep-tested under uniform test conditions, the magnitude relationship between the tensile and compressive creep properties of concrete is still affected by the randomness of the aggregate distribution and inhomogeneity of mortar during the formation of the specimen. Therefore, we designed and implemented eight groups of cyclic loaded and unloaded creep tests of secondary aggregate grading hydraulic concrete under uniform test conditions. Based on the standard definition of the concrete compressive strength and the creep test results, the standard specific creep curve is defined by the upper limit statistics of the specific creep at the reliable probability of 85%. This work thus statistically explores the magnitude relationship between the tensile and compressive standard specific creep of hydraulic concrete. The results show that, with increasing loading time, the tensile and compressive creep of the concrete gradually becomes less discrete. At the beginning of the test, the tensile and compressive creep produced highly discrete results, and the dispersion coefficient exceeded 25%. Over time, although the discreteness decreased, it remained above 8%. In addition, the discreteness of the second stage loading exceeded that of the first stage. The 85% reliable probability comprehensively reflects the average value and discreteness of the test data. The standard specific tensile creep of hydraulic concrete under the 85% reliable probability exceeds the standard specific compressive creep. Practical Applications: Concrete is a complex composite material, which leads to a certain discreteness in the measured values of concrete even under uniform test conditions. To overcome the difficulty of concrete discreteness, the probability statistics method is usually used. For example, the compressive strength with a 95% reliable probability is generally used as the standard value of concrete compressive strength. At present, both compression and tensile creep tests use up to three specimens; thus, the discreteness of measured values of concrete may affect the magnitude relationship between the tensile specific creep and compressive specific creep of concrete. In this study, we adopt the probability statistics method to solve this problem. Given the greater the concrete creep, the more dangerous the concrete structure. Therefore, we carried out eight groups of cyclic loaded and unloaded creep tests of hydraulic concrete under uniform test conditions. Then the standard specific creep curve is defined by the upper-limit statistics of the specific creep at a reliable probability of 85%. Thus, the magnitude relationship between the tensile and compressive standard specific creep of hydraulic concrete is analyzed from a statistical perspective. This study is useful to better understand the performance of concrete creep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-21515
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Creep (Materials)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Creep testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cyclic loads
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Concrete
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Experimental Study of Cyclic Loading and Unloading Creep of Hydraulic Concrete: A Statistical Perspective.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Huang, Yaoying
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wei, Haidong
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            NameFull: Zhang, Yao
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            NameFull: Liu, Hui
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          Name:
            NameFull: Xia, Shifa
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 08991561
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 38
            – Type: issue
              Value: 5
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
              Type: main
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