An optimal second-order approximation of the time-delay element and its circuit realization.
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| Title: | An optimal second-order approximation of the time-delay element and its circuit realization. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Elwakil, A. S.1 (AUTHOR) ahmed.elwakil@ucalgary.ca, Maundy, B. J.2 (AUTHOR) bmaundy@ucalgary.ca |
| Source: | Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing. Feb2026, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p1544-1554. 11p. |
| Subjects: | Operational amplifiers, Current conveyors, Circuit elements, Approximation error, Electronic equipment, Electronic circuit design |
| Abstract: | In this letter, we propose an optimal second-order approximation of the ideal unit delay function and provide some possible circuit realizations. Because it is based on standard second-order filter blocks, the approximation is flexible and can be realized using multiple different circuits based on operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, second generation current conveyors or other active building blocks offering a quick yet accurate realization of the unit delay function. Simulations and experimental results are presented to validate the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 192346221 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: An optimal second-order approximation of the time-delay element and its circuit realization. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elwakil%2C+A%2E+S%2E%22">Elwakil, A. S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ahmed.elwakil@ucalgary.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maundy%2C+B%2E+J%2E%22">Maundy, B. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> bmaundy@ucalgary.ca</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Circuits%2C+Systems+%26+Signal+Processing%22">Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p1544-1554. 11p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Operational+amplifiers%22">Operational amplifiers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Current+conveyors%22">Current conveyors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Circuit+elements%22">Circuit elements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Approximation+error%22">Approximation error</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electronic+equipment%22">Electronic equipment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electronic+circuit+design%22">Electronic circuit design</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: In this letter, we propose an optimal second-order approximation of the ideal unit delay function and provide some possible circuit realizations. Because it is based on standard second-order filter blocks, the approximation is flexible and can be realized using multiple different circuits based on operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, second generation current conveyors or other active building blocks offering a quick yet accurate realization of the unit delay function. Simulations and experimental results are presented to validate the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=192346221 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00034-025-03297-1 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 1544 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Operational amplifiers Type: general – SubjectFull: Current conveyors Type: general – SubjectFull: Circuit elements Type: general – SubjectFull: Approximation error Type: general – SubjectFull: Electronic equipment Type: general – SubjectFull: Electronic circuit design Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: An optimal second-order approximation of the time-delay element and its circuit realization. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Elwakil, A. S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Maundy, B. J. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 02 Text: Feb2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0278081X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 45 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing Type: main |
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