Cyclic and post-cyclic axial behaviors of steel pipelines buried in dense sand.

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Title: Cyclic and post-cyclic axial behaviors of steel pipelines buried in dense sand.
Authors: Guo, Chang1 (AUTHOR) chang.guo@connect.polyu.hk, Zhou, Chao2 (AUTHOR) c.zhou@polyu.edu.hk, Meguid, Mohamed A.3 (AUTHOR) mohamed.meguid@mcgill.ca
Source: Acta Geotechnica. Feb2026, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p823-842. 20p.
Subjects: Buried pipes (Engineering), Axial loads, Soil densification, Steel pipe, Sand
Abstract: The current design guidelines for underground pipelines do not consider cyclic axial soil-pipe interaction and its impact on post-cyclic pullout resistance, potentially leading to unsafe designs. This study conducted 12 large-scale physical model tests on steel pipes in dense sand to investigate their axial behavior during and after cyclic loading. A film-like sensor was employed to monitor soil-pipe interface contact pressure and earth pressure. The test program included different levels of pipe roughness, overburden pressure, and cyclic displacement. Given a cyclic displacement, the axial resistance in the first loading exceeds the guideline prediction, attributed to the increased interface contact pressures by constrained dilation. Subsequently, the axial resistance degrades over cycles. It stabilizes at a value that is roughness-dependent and smaller than the prediction because of the translation of the initial negative soil arching to positive soil arching on the pipe. The post-cyclic pullout resistance is smaller than the monotonic resistance without cycling when the cyclic displacement is relatively large (above 5 mm in this study). In contrast, the post-cyclic pullout resistance is above the monotonic resistance when the cyclic displacement is smaller due to cyclic loading-induced soil densification. The difference between post-cyclic and monotonic resistances for the rougher pipe is more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Geotechnica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Cyclic and post-cyclic axial behaviors of steel pipelines buried in dense sand.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Chang%22">Guo, Chang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chang.guo@connect.polyu.hk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Chao%22">Zhou, Chao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> c.zhou@polyu.edu.hk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meguid%2C+Mohamed+A%2E%22">Meguid, Mohamed A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mohamed.meguid@mcgill.ca</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Geotechnica%22">Acta Geotechnica</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p823-842. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Buried+pipes+%28Engineering%29%22">Buried pipes (Engineering)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Axial+loads%22">Axial loads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+densification%22">Soil densification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steel+pipe%22">Steel pipe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sand%22">Sand</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The current design guidelines for underground pipelines do not consider cyclic axial soil-pipe interaction and its impact on post-cyclic pullout resistance, potentially leading to unsafe designs. This study conducted 12 large-scale physical model tests on steel pipes in dense sand to investigate their axial behavior during and after cyclic loading. A film-like sensor was employed to monitor soil-pipe interface contact pressure and earth pressure. The test program included different levels of pipe roughness, overburden pressure, and cyclic displacement. Given a cyclic displacement, the axial resistance in the first loading exceeds the guideline prediction, attributed to the increased interface contact pressures by constrained dilation. Subsequently, the axial resistance degrades over cycles. It stabilizes at a value that is roughness-dependent and smaller than the prediction because of the translation of the initial negative soil arching to positive soil arching on the pipe. The post-cyclic pullout resistance is smaller than the monotonic resistance without cycling when the cyclic displacement is relatively large (above 5 mm in this study). In contrast, the post-cyclic pullout resistance is above the monotonic resistance when the cyclic displacement is smaller due to cyclic loading-induced soil densification. The difference between post-cyclic and monotonic resistances for the rougher pipe is more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Geotechnica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11440-025-02790-w
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 823
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Buried pipes (Engineering)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Axial loads
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil densification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steel pipe
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sand
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Cyclic and post-cyclic axial behaviors of steel pipelines buried in dense sand.
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            NameFull: Guo, Chang
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            NameFull: Zhou, Chao
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            NameFull: Meguid, Mohamed A.
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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