Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Butan-1-ol, Benzene, and Acetophenone: An Experimental and Modeling Approach.
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| Title: | Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Butan-1-ol, Benzene, and Acetophenone: An Experimental and Modeling Approach. |
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| Authors: | Krasniqi, Rozafa1 (AUTHOR), Zeqiraj, Arbër2 (AUTHOR), Aliaj, Fisnik1 (AUTHOR) fisnik.aliaj@uni-pr.edu |
| Source: | International Journal of Thermophysics. Mar2026, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p1-29. 29p. |
| Subjects: | Binary mixtures, Acetophenone, Molecular interactions, Butanol, Thermodynamics, Mixtures, Benzene, Thermodynamic molecular model |
| Abstract: | This work investigates the ternary liquid system butan-1-ol + benzene + acetophenone, together with its corresponding binary mixtures. The system exhibits complex non-ideal behavior arising from pronounced differences in polarity, molecular size, shape, and intermolecular interactions among the components. To gain insight into these effects, thermophysical and thermodynamic properties were determined experimentally and analyzed across the full composition range. Density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) were measured at (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15) K and ambient pressure for the ternary system for the first time, with the same methodology applied to the binary subsystems. From these measurements, excess molar volumes ( V m E ) and excess isentropic compressibilities ( κ S E ) were evaluated and correlated using Redlich–Kister polynomial for the binaries and the Cibulka equation for the ternary data. The Jouyban–Acree model accurately reproduced the composition and temperature dependence of the measured and derived properties using a compact set of parameters. The experimentally determined ternary excess properties were further compared with predictions based on symmetric (Kohler, Muggianu) and asymmetric (Hillert, Toop) binary-contribution models. Among these, the Hillert formulation yielded the most reliable agreement with experiment, particularly when acetophenone was treated as the asymmetric component, consistent with its distinct polarity and electronic structure compared to butan-1-ol and benzene. To substantiate the origin and extent of asymmetry, the Chou's General Solution model was additionally applied. The Chou analysis independently identified acetophenone as the dominant asymmetric contributor, thereby confirming that the Hillert model provides the physically and mathematically most appropriate representation of the ternary system. This outcome reflects the fact that the Hillert model can be interpreted as a limiting case of the Chou formulation, explaining the strong internal consistency between the two approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of International Journal of Thermophysics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 192431104 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Butan-1-ol, Benzene, and Acetophenone: An Experimental and Modeling Approach. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krasniqi%2C+Rozafa%22">Krasniqi, Rozafa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zeqiraj%2C+Arbër%22">Zeqiraj, Arbër</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aliaj%2C+Fisnik%22">Aliaj, Fisnik</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fisnik.aliaj@uni-pr.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Thermophysics%22">International Journal of Thermophysics</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p1-29. 29p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Binary+mixtures%22">Binary mixtures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acetophenone%22">Acetophenone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Molecular+interactions%22">Molecular interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Butanol%22">Butanol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermodynamics%22">Thermodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mixtures%22">Mixtures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Benzene%22">Benzene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermodynamic+molecular+model%22">Thermodynamic molecular model</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This work investigates the ternary liquid system butan-1-ol + benzene + acetophenone, together with its corresponding binary mixtures. The system exhibits complex non-ideal behavior arising from pronounced differences in polarity, molecular size, shape, and intermolecular interactions among the components. To gain insight into these effects, thermophysical and thermodynamic properties were determined experimentally and analyzed across the full composition range. Density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) were measured at (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15) K and ambient pressure for the ternary system for the first time, with the same methodology applied to the binary subsystems. From these measurements, excess molar volumes ( V m E ) and excess isentropic compressibilities ( κ S E ) were evaluated and correlated using Redlich–Kister polynomial for the binaries and the Cibulka equation for the ternary data. The Jouyban–Acree model accurately reproduced the composition and temperature dependence of the measured and derived properties using a compact set of parameters. The experimentally determined ternary excess properties were further compared with predictions based on symmetric (Kohler, Muggianu) and asymmetric (Hillert, Toop) binary-contribution models. Among these, the Hillert formulation yielded the most reliable agreement with experiment, particularly when acetophenone was treated as the asymmetric component, consistent with its distinct polarity and electronic structure compared to butan-1-ol and benzene. To substantiate the origin and extent of asymmetry, the Chou's General Solution model was additionally applied. The Chou analysis independently identified acetophenone as the dominant asymmetric contributor, thereby confirming that the Hillert model provides the physically and mathematically most appropriate representation of the ternary system. This outcome reflects the fact that the Hillert model can be interpreted as a limiting case of the Chou formulation, explaining the strong internal consistency between the two approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Thermophysics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s10765-026-03721-x Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 29 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Binary mixtures Type: general – SubjectFull: Acetophenone Type: general – SubjectFull: Molecular interactions Type: general – SubjectFull: Butanol Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermodynamics Type: general – SubjectFull: Mixtures Type: general – SubjectFull: Benzene Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermodynamic molecular model Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Butan-1-ol, Benzene, and Acetophenone: An Experimental and Modeling Approach. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Krasniqi, Rozafa – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zeqiraj, Arbër – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Aliaj, Fisnik IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0195928X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 47 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: International Journal of Thermophysics Type: main |
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