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Generation and detection of squeezed states via a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator.

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Title: Generation and detection of squeezed states via a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator.
Authors: Suerra, Edoardo1,2 (AUTHOR) esuerra@mi.infn.it, Altilia, Samuele1,2 (AUTHOR), Olivares, Stefano1,2 (AUTHOR), Ferraro, Alessandro1,2 (AUTHOR), Canella, Francesco3 (AUTHOR), Giannotti, Dario2,4 (AUTHOR), Galzerano, Gianluca3 (AUTHOR), Corli, Sebastiano1 (AUTHOR), Prati, Enrico1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Cialdi, Simone1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics. Mar2026, Vol. 132 Issue 3, p1-7. 7p.
Subjects: Squeezed light, Optical parametric oscillators, Homodyne detection, Quantum optics, Signal processing, Singular value decomposition
Abstract: A synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) operating at 93 MHz is used to generate squeezed states at 1035 nm. The system features a counter-propagating beam at the same wavelength as the quantum state, which simultaneously actively stabilizes the cavity and, after transmission, acts as the local oscillator for homodyne detection. By deriving the local oscillator directly from the SPOPO cavity, the setup establishes an intrinsically excellent spatial mode overlap and high interference visibility, forming a distinctive self-referenced architecture. Two spatial light modulators enable precise spectral shaping of both the pump and the local oscillator in amplitude and phase, allowing investigation of the spectral properties of the generated states. The versatility of the setup further allows exploration of different SPOPO configurations, including regimes with varied finesse and escape efficiency. Representative measurements, including homodyne traces and squeezing levels as functions of pump power and local oscillator bandwidth, demonstrate the performance of the system. Theoretical simulations based on a multimode singular-value-decomposition model reproduce well the measured dependence of squeezing on pump power and LO bandwidth, confirming the accuracy of the description and the robustness of the setup. Measured squeezing levels up to − 3.3 dB are achieved, corresponding to − 5.7 dB at SPOPO output, evidencing the robustness and versatility of this platform for stable pulsed squeezed-light generation and advanced quantum optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Generation and detection of squeezed states via a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suerra%2C+Edoardo%22">Suerra, Edoardo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> esuerra@mi.infn.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Altilia%2C+Samuele%22">Altilia, Samuele</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Olivares%2C+Stefano%22">Olivares, Stefano</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferraro%2C+Alessandro%22">Ferraro, Alessandro</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Canella%2C+Francesco%22">Canella, Francesco</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Giannotti%2C+Dario%22">Giannotti, Dario</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Galzerano%2C+Gianluca%22">Galzerano, Gianluca</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Corli%2C+Sebastiano%22">Corli, Sebastiano</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prati%2C+Enrico%22">Prati, Enrico</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cialdi%2C+Simone%22">Cialdi, Simone</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Applied+Physics+B%3A+Lasers+%26+Optics%22">Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 132 Issue 3, p1-7. 7p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Squeezed+light%22">Squeezed light</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+parametric+oscillators%22">Optical parametric oscillators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Homodyne+detection%22">Homodyne detection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+optics%22">Quantum optics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+processing%22">Signal processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Singular+value+decomposition%22">Singular value decomposition</searchLink>
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  Data: A synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) operating at 93 MHz is used to generate squeezed states at 1035 nm. The system features a counter-propagating beam at the same wavelength as the quantum state, which simultaneously actively stabilizes the cavity and, after transmission, acts as the local oscillator for homodyne detection. By deriving the local oscillator directly from the SPOPO cavity, the setup establishes an intrinsically excellent spatial mode overlap and high interference visibility, forming a distinctive self-referenced architecture. Two spatial light modulators enable precise spectral shaping of both the pump and the local oscillator in amplitude and phase, allowing investigation of the spectral properties of the generated states. The versatility of the setup further allows exploration of different SPOPO configurations, including regimes with varied finesse and escape efficiency. Representative measurements, including homodyne traces and squeezing levels as functions of pump power and local oscillator bandwidth, demonstrate the performance of the system. Theoretical simulations based on a multimode singular-value-decomposition model reproduce well the measured dependence of squeezing on pump power and LO bandwidth, confirming the accuracy of the description and the robustness of the setup. Measured squeezing levels up to − 3.3 dB are achieved, corresponding to − 5.7 dB at SPOPO output, evidencing the robustness and versatility of this platform for stable pulsed squeezed-light generation and advanced quantum optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00340-025-08617-6
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      – SubjectFull: Squeezed light
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical parametric oscillators
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      – SubjectFull: Homodyne detection
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      – SubjectFull: Signal processing
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      – SubjectFull: Singular value decomposition
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              Text: Mar2026
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