Evaluation of the biological activities of Bacillus cereus-synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
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| Title: | Evaluation of the biological activities of Bacillus cereus-synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles. |
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| Authors: | Abdallah, Marwa M. A.1 (AUTHOR) Marwa.abdelatif@bue.edu.eg, El-Kased, Reham F.1 (AUTHOR) Reham.kased@bue.edu.eg, El-Housseiny, Ghadir S.2 (AUTHOR) ghadir.elhossaieny@pharma.asu.edu.eg, Aboshanab, Khaled M.2 (AUTHOR) aboshanab2012@pharma.asu.edu.eg |
| Source: | Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology. 3/23/2026, Vol. 110 Issue 1, p1-20. 20p. |
| Subjects: | Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Bacillus cereus, Antiviral agents, Biofilms, Antineoplastic agents, Microbiological synthesis, Anti-infective agents |
| Abstract: | The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the growing burden of cancer worldwide demand novel therapeutic approaches. This study evaluated the biological activities of green-synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) using Bacillus cereus cell-free supernatant and titanium tetra-isopropoxide precursor. Nanoparticles were analyzed and standard methods were employed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cell cytotoxicity. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of TiO₂ NPs with a characteristic peak at 360 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed roughly spherical particles (8.8 ± 3 nm diameter). A Z-average hydrodynamic diameter of 328.1 nm (PDI, 0.439) was revealed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). According to the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results, oxygen was 42.39% and titanium was 45.93%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement confirmed a crystalline anatase structure, with a prominent peak at 25.3° 2θ. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) detected the characteristic Ti–O-Ti and vibrational band at 403.31 cm⁻1. The nanoparticles demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with MICs of 78 μg/mL (E. coli), 156 μg/mL (C. albicans), 625 μg/mL (E. faecalis), and 2500 μg/mL (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa). At sub-MIC concentrations, TiO₂ NPs reduced biofilm formation in S. aureus by roughly 65.72% ± 0.01, in E. faecalis by 50.91% ± 0.02, and in P. aeruginosa by 38.4% ± 0.1. Cytotoxicity investigations revealed IC₅₀ values of 212.15 μg/mL (Caco-2) and 342.96 μg/mL (Vero cells), with a selectivity index of 1.62. Strong antiviral activity against HSV-1 was observed (74.74% inhibition at 60 µg/mL, EC₅₀ = 17.41 µg/mL, selectivity index = 19.7). Biogenic synthesis using B. cereus successfully produced highly crystalline, small-sized anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles demonstrating multifunctional biological activities including antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anticancer selectivity, and antiviral properties. Key points: • Green synthesis via B. cereus yielded crystalline anatase TiO₂ NPs with nanoscale dimensions. • TiO₂ NPs demonstrated broad antimicrobial/antibiofilm effects and selective anticancer activity. • Strong antiviral potency against HSV-1 with excellent selectivity was observed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the growing burden of cancer worldwide demand novel therapeutic approaches. This study evaluated the biological activities of green-synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) using Bacillus cereus cell-free supernatant and titanium tetra-isopropoxide precursor. Nanoparticles were analyzed and standard methods were employed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cell cytotoxicity. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of TiO₂ NPs with a characteristic peak at 360 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed roughly spherical particles (8.8 ± 3 nm diameter). A Z-average hydrodynamic diameter of 328.1 nm (PDI, 0.439) was revealed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). According to the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results, oxygen was 42.39% and titanium was 45.93%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement confirmed a crystalline anatase structure, with a prominent peak at 25.3° 2θ. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) detected the characteristic Ti–O-Ti and vibrational band at 403.31 cm⁻1. The nanoparticles demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with MICs of 78 μg/mL (E. coli), 156 μg/mL (C. albicans), 625 μg/mL (E. faecalis), and 2500 μg/mL (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa). At sub-MIC concentrations, TiO₂ NPs reduced biofilm formation in S. aureus by roughly 65.72% ± 0.01, in E. faecalis by 50.91% ± 0.02, and in P. aeruginosa by 38.4% ± 0.1. Cytotoxicity investigations revealed IC₅₀ values of 212.15 μg/mL (Caco-2) and 342.96 μg/mL (Vero cells), with a selectivity index of 1.62. Strong antiviral activity against HSV-1 was observed (74.74% inhibition at 60 µg/mL, EC₅₀ = 17.41 µg/mL, selectivity index = 19.7). Biogenic synthesis using B. cereus successfully produced highly crystalline, small-sized anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles demonstrating multifunctional biological activities including antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anticancer selectivity, and antiviral properties. Key points: • Green synthesis via B. cereus yielded crystalline anatase TiO₂ NPs with nanoscale dimensions. • TiO₂ NPs demonstrated broad antimicrobial/antibiofilm effects and selective anticancer activity. • Strong antiviral potency against HSV-1 with excellent selectivity was observed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 01757598 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00253-026-13771-8 |
