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A new method for alpine timberline peaks extraction based on remote sensing and inverted digital elevation model.

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Title: A new method for alpine timberline peaks extraction based on remote sensing and inverted digital elevation model.
Authors: Jiang, Luguang1,2 (AUTHOR) jianglg@igsnrr.ac.cn, Liu, Ye1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Geo-Spatial Information Science. Feb2026, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p357-373. 17p.
Subjects: Timberline, Digital elevation models, Remote sensing, Altitudes, Ecotones, Landscapes
Geographic Terms: Altai Mountains
Abstract: The alpine timberline is a crucial ecological boundary for dividing the landscape, but a method to accurately extract it over a large region remains elusive. In this study, we propose a method for identifying the timberline over a large scale and use it to explore the distribution of the timberline in the Altai Mountains in Asia. The elevation of the timberline peaks was determined by extracting the margin of forest land, obtaining the peaks based on the maximum accumulation of flow, and calculating the shortest distance between the peaks and the margin of forest land. The slope of linear fit between the calculated and actual values was 0.96 and the correlation coefficient between them was 0.87 (p < 0.01), indicating a high accuracy of recognition. The timberline of the Altai Mountains had a range of elevation of 2400–3000 m, and is the lowest timberline in China. The overall elevation of the timberline in the northern basin was higher than that in the southern basin, and was mainly distributed on ramps and abrupt slopes, but rarely on plains and vertical slopes. The distribution of the timberline was clearly characterized by its western aspect being higher than its eastern aspect, and its northern aspect being higher than its southern aspect such that the orientation of its aspect was evident. The elevation of the timberline exhibited a continuous trend of increase with the latitude. Our method for extracting the timberline can systematically reveal the spatial pattern and characteristics of its landscape in the Altai Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Geo-Spatial Information Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192503474
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A new method for alpine timberline peaks extraction based on remote sensing and inverted digital elevation model.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Jiang%2C+Luguang%22&quot;&gt;Jiang, Luguang&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; jianglg@igsnrr.ac.cn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Liu%2C+Ye%22&quot;&gt;Liu, Ye&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Geo-Spatial+Information+Science%22&quot;&gt;Geo-Spatial Information Science&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Feb2026, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p357-373. 17p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Timberline%22&quot;&gt;Timberline&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Digital+elevation+models%22&quot;&gt;Digital elevation models&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Remote+sensing%22&quot;&gt;Remote sensing&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Altitudes%22&quot;&gt;Altitudes&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Ecotones%22&quot;&gt;Ecotones&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Landscapes%22&quot;&gt;Landscapes&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Altai+Mountains%22&quot;&gt;Altai Mountains&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The alpine timberline is a crucial ecological boundary for dividing the landscape, but a method to accurately extract it over a large region remains elusive. In this study, we propose a method for identifying the timberline over a large scale and use it to explore the distribution of the timberline in the Altai Mountains in Asia. The elevation of the timberline peaks was determined by extracting the margin of forest land, obtaining the peaks based on the maximum accumulation of flow, and calculating the shortest distance between the peaks and the margin of forest land. The slope of linear fit between the calculated and actual values was 0.96 and the correlation coefficient between them was 0.87 (p &lt; 0.01), indicating a high accuracy of recognition. The timberline of the Altai Mountains had a range of elevation of 2400–3000 m, and is the lowest timberline in China. The overall elevation of the timberline in the northern basin was higher than that in the southern basin, and was mainly distributed on ramps and abrupt slopes, but rarely on plains and vertical slopes. The distribution of the timberline was clearly characterized by its western aspect being higher than its eastern aspect, and its northern aspect being higher than its southern aspect such that the orientation of its aspect was evident. The elevation of the timberline exhibited a continuous trend of increase with the latitude. Our method for extracting the timberline can systematically reveal the spatial pattern and characteristics of its landscape in the Altai Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Geo-Spatial Information Science is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10095020.2025.2514816
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 357
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Timberline
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Digital elevation models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Remote sensing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Altitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecotones
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Landscapes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Altai Mountains
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A new method for alpine timberline peaks extraction based on remote sensing and inverted digital elevation model.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Jiang, Luguang
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Liu, Ye
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 10095020
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 29
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
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            – TitleFull: Geo-Spatial Information Science
              Type: main
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